diff --git a/college/models/exam.py b/college/models/exam.py
index 3d5a937..8c6241e 100644
--- a/college/models/exam.py
+++ b/college/models/exam.py
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ class ExamQuestion(models.Model):
     _rec_name = 'question_text_short'
 
     sequence = fields.Integer(string='排序', default=10)
-    name = fields.Char(string='题目标题', help='内部管理用，不展示给学生')
+    name = fields.Char(string='题目标题', help='内部管理用，不展示给学生', required=True)
     question_text = fields.Html(string='题干', sanitize=True, required=True)
     question_text_short = fields.Char(
         string='题干摘要', compute='_compute_question_text_short', store=True)
 
     question_type = fields.Selection(
-        _QUESTION_TYPES, string='题型', required=True, default='single_choice', index=True)
+        _QUESTION_TYPES, string='题型', default='single_choice', index=True)
     difficulty = fields.Selection(
         _DIFFICULTY_LEVELS, string='难度', default='medium')
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ExamQuestion(models.Model):
         'res.users', string='出题人', default=lambda self: self.env.user, required=True)
     visibility = fields.Selection(
         [('public', '公开'), ('private', '私有')],
-        string='可见范围', default='private', required=True, index=True,
+        string='可见范围', default='private', index=True,
         help='公开：同校其他老师均可查看并在组卷时选用；'
              '私有：仅出题人本人可见，其他老师看不到也无法选用。')
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class ExamQuestion(models.Model):
         string='答案说明', sanitize=True,
         help='答案解析：学生交卷后可查看本题解析。')
 
-    score = fields.Float(string='默认分值', default=1.0, required=True)
+    score = fields.Float(string='默认分值', default=1.0,)
     active = fields.Boolean(string='启用', default=True)
 
     @api.depends('question_text')
@@ -77,11 +77,27 @@ class ExamQuestion(models.Model):
             text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip()
             q.question_text_short = (text[:40] + '…') if len(text) > 40 else text
 
+    @api.model
+    def default_get(self, fields_list):
+        """新建题目时，单选/多选题默认带 A/B/C/D 四个选项行。"""
+        res = super().default_get(fields_list)
+        if 'option_ids' in fields_list and res.get('question_type') in (
+                'single_choice', 'multiple_choice'):
+            res['option_ids'] = self._default_option_lines()
+        return res
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _default_option_lines():
+        return [(0, 0, {'label': lbl, 'sequence': seq})
+                for lbl, seq in (('A', 10), ('B', 20), ('C', 30), ('D', 40))]
+
     @api.onchange('question_type')
     def _onchange_question_type(self):
-        """切换题型时，对判断题给出默认正确答案提示。"""
+        """切换题型时：判断题给默认正确答案；单选/多选在无选项时补 A/B/C/D。"""
         if self.question_type == 'true_false':
             self.correct_answer = 'True'
+        if self.question_type in ('single_choice', 'multiple_choice') and not self.option_ids:
+            self.option_ids = self._default_option_lines()
 
     def _get_correct_options(self):
         """返回本题的正确选项记录（仅选择题有效）。"""
diff --git a/college/views/menus.xml b/college/views/menus.xml
index bef73ee..25016ae 100644
--- a/college/views/menus.xml
+++ b/college/views/menus.xml
@@ -12,17 +12,21 @@
     <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_product_intro"
               name="产品介绍"
               web_icon="college,static/src/img/product_intro.png"
-              sequence="0"
+              sequence="-10"
               action="action_yuthon_product_intro"
               groups="college.group_teacher,college.group_student,base.group_system"/>
 
-    <!-- ===================== 我的实训（顶级菜单，置顶） ===================== -->
+    <!-- ===================== 我的实训（顶级菜单，置顶；作为实训相关功能的容器） ===================== -->
     <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_training"
               name="我的实训"
               web_icon="college,static/src/img/training.png"
               sequence="1"
-              action="action_yuthon_school_training"
               groups="college.group_teacher,college.group_student,base.group_system"/>
+    <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_training_overview"
+              name="实训概览"
+              parent="menu_yuthon_training"
+              action="action_yuthon_school_training"
+              sequence="10"/>
 
     <!-- ===================== 我的课程（统一入口，按用户角色路由） ===================== -->
     <!-- 老师 / 管理员 → action_yuthon_school_course_my（老师端我的课程） -->
@@ -158,6 +162,12 @@ else:
     <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_course_root"
               name="课程管理"
               web_icon="college,static/src/img/Course Management.png"
+              sequence="10"
+              groups="college.group_teacher,base.group_system"/>
+    <!-- 全部课程（原来直连的 action 移到这里） -->
+    <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_course_all"
+              name="全部课程"
+              parent="menu_yuthon_course_root"
               action="action_yuthon_school_course_all"
               sequence="10"
               groups="college.group_teacher,base.group_system"/>
@@ -361,13 +371,13 @@ else:
               sequence="20"/>
     <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_import_wizard"
               name="导入师生"
-              parent="menu_yuthon_about"
+              parent="menu_yuthon_org_staff"
               action="action_yuthon_school_import_wizard"
-              sequence="30"
+              sequence="40"
               groups="college.group_teacher,base.group_system"/>
     <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_course_import_wizard"
               name="课程导入"
-              parent="menu_yuthon_about"
+              parent="menu_yuthon_course_root"
               action="action_yuthon_school_course_import_wizard"
               sequence="40"
               groups="college.group_teacher,base.group_system"/>
@@ -383,8 +393,8 @@ else:
     </record>
     <menuitem id="menu_yuthon_about_question_import"
               name="题库导入"
-              parent="menu_yuthon_about"
+              parent="menu_yuthon_exam_root"
               action="action_yuthon_about_question_import"
-              sequence="50"
+              sequence="60"
               groups="college.group_teacher,base.group_system"/>
 </odoo>