Searching on res.partners with domain [('user_ids' , '!=', False)]
will currently be translated into a huge "ID IN <...>" query,
with the IDs of all existing users.
On a database with a lot of users, this can be measured
in seconds (e.g. 3-4 seconds with 500k+ users),
leading to significant delays in email delivery.
Using a direct lookup in res.users is more direct and faster.