diff --git a/addons/hr_recruitment/wizard/hr_recruitment_phonecall.py b/addons/hr_recruitment/wizard/hr_recruitment_phonecall.py
index d87aeb7b93f..ecb6a7cb3a4 100644
--- a/addons/hr_recruitment/wizard/hr_recruitment_phonecall.py
+++ b/addons/hr_recruitment/wizard/hr_recruitment_phonecall.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class job2phonecall(osv.osv_memory):
         if id3:
             id3 = data_obj.browse(cr, uid, id3, context=context).res_id
 
-        for job in job_case_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_id', False), context=context):
+        for job in job_case_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             #TODO: Take other info from job
             new_phonecall_id = phonecall_case_obj.create(cr, uid, {
                         'name': job.name,
diff --git a/addons/mrp_repair/mrp_repair.py b/addons/mrp_repair/mrp_repair.py
index 728d38036c9..6de8b4f5492 100644
--- a/addons/mrp_repair/mrp_repair.py
+++ b/addons/mrp_repair/mrp_repair.py
@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@ class mrp_repair(osv.osv):
     def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({
             'state':'draft',
             'repaired':False,
diff --git a/addons/outlook/installer.py b/addons/outlook/installer.py
index 143567dd7cf..6b571b7b70a 100755
--- a/addons/outlook/installer.py
+++ b/addons/outlook/installer.py
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ class outlook_installer(osv.osv_memory):
     _inherit = 'res.config.installer'
 
     def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(outlook_installer, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         data['doc_file'] = 'http://doc.openerp.com/book/2/2_6_Comms/2_6_Comms_outlook.html'
         file = open(addons.get_module_resource('outlook','plugin','openerp-outlook-addin.exe'), 'r')
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/account_bank_statement.py b/addons/point_of_sale/account_bank_statement.py
index 552687f7bdb..fa54ab265b2 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/account_bank_statement.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/account_bank_statement.py
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ class account_cash_statement(osv.osv):
             return True
 
     def _user_allow(self, cr, uid, statement_id, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         statement = self.browse(cr, uid, statement_id, context=context)
         if (not statement.journal_id.journal_users) and uid == 1: return True
         for user in statement.journal_id.journal_users:
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/point_of_sale.py b/addons/point_of_sale/point_of_sale.py
index c53cc5daf23..939f5dbe0e0 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/point_of_sale.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/point_of_sale.py
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
     _order = "date_order, create_date desc"
 
     def unlink(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for rec in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for rec_statement in rec.statement_ids:
                 if (rec_statement.statement_id and rec_statement.statement_id.state == 'confirm') or rec.state == 'done':
@@ -70,6 +72,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         """ Changed price list on_change of partner_id"""
         if not part:
             return {'value': {}}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pricelist = self.pool.get('res.partner').browse(cr, uid, part, context=context).property_product_pricelist.id
         return {'value': {'pricelist_id': pricelist}}
 
@@ -77,6 +81,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         """ Calculates amount_tax of order line
         @param field_names: Names of fields.
         @return: Dictionary of values """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         cr.execute("""
             SELECT
                 p.id,
@@ -122,14 +128,12 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
                 res[order.id] = val
         return res
 
-    def _get_date_payment(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None, *a):
+    def _get_date_payment(self, cr, uid, ids, context, *a):
         """ Find  Validation Date
         @return: Dictionary of values """
         res = {}
         val = None
-        if not context:
-            context = {}
-        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
+        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
             cr.execute("SELECT date_validation FROM pos_order WHERE id = %s", (order.id,))
             date_p = cr.fetchone()
             date_p = date_p and date_p[0] or None
@@ -199,6 +203,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
     def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({
             'state': 'draft',
             'partner_id': False,
@@ -293,6 +299,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         @param name: Names of fields.
         @return: pricelist ID
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pricelist = self.pool.get('product.pricelist').search(cr, uid, [('name', '=', 'Public Pricelist')], context=context)
         return pricelist and pricelist[0] or False
 
@@ -341,6 +349,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         """ Test all amount is paid for this order
         @return: True
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if order.lines and not order.amount_total:
                 return True
@@ -506,6 +516,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         """ Changes order state to cancel
         @return: True
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'cancel'}, context=context)
         self.cancel_picking(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         return True
@@ -516,6 +528,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         statement_line_obj = self.pool.get('account.bank.statement.line')
         prod_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
         property_obj = self.pool.get('ir.property')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         curr_c = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id
         curr_company = curr_c.id
         order = self.browse(cr, uid, order_id, context=context)
@@ -678,6 +692,8 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         account_tax_obj = self.pool.get('account.tax')
         res_obj=self.pool.get('res.users')
         property_obj=self.pool.get('ir.property')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         period = account_period_obj.find(cr, uid, context=context)[0]
 
         for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
@@ -904,10 +920,14 @@ class pos_order(osv.osv):
         return True
 
     def action_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'cancel'}, context=context)
         return True
 
     def action_done(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if not order.journal_entry:
                 self.create_account_move(cr, uid, ids, context=None)
@@ -936,11 +956,9 @@ account_bank_statement()
 
 class account_bank_statement_line(osv.osv):
     _inherit = 'account.bank.statement.line'
-    def _get_statement_journal(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None, *a):
+    def _get_statement_journal(self, cr, uid, ids, context, *a):
         res = {}
-        if not context:
-            context = {}
-        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
+        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
             res[line.id] = line.statement_id and line.statement_id.journal_id and line.statement_id.journal_id.name or None
         return res
     _columns= {
@@ -1137,6 +1155,8 @@ class pos_order_line(osv.osv):
             return {'value': {'notice': 'No Discount', 'price_ded': price * discount * 0.01 or 0.0}}
 
     def onchange_qty(self, cr, uid, ids, discount, qty, price, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         subtotal = qty * price
         if discount:
             subtotal = subtotal - (subtotal * discount / 100)
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/all_closed_cashbox_of_the_day.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/all_closed_cashbox_of_the_day.py
index c7f2240d81f..139eea8301a 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/all_closed_cashbox_of_the_day.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/all_closed_cashbox_of_the_day.py
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ class all_closed_cashbox_of_the_day(osv.osv_memory):
              @param context: A standard dictionary
              @return : retrun report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         return {
             'type': 'ir.actions.report.xml',
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_entries.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_entries.py
index dcc9779a903..d6441c467f9 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_entries.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_entries.py
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ class pos_box_entries(osv.osv_memory):
              @param context: A standard dictionary
              @return :Return of operation of product
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
         ids = product_obj.search(cr, uid, [('income_pdt', '=', True)], context=context)
         res = product_obj.read(cr, uid, ids, ['id', 'name'], context=context)
@@ -95,6 +97,8 @@ class pos_box_entries(osv.osv_memory):
         res_obj = self.pool.get('res.users')
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
         bank_statement = self.pool.get('account.bank.statement.line')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for data in  self.read(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             vals = {}
             curr_company = res_obj.browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id.id
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_out.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_out.py
index a05c5f579e1..80e0ae7fe61 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_out.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_box_out.py
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ class pos_box_out(osv.osv_memory):
              @return :Return of operation of product
         """
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         company_id = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id.id
         ids = product_obj.search(cr, uid, ['&', ('expense_pdt', '=', True), '|', ('company_id', '=', company_id), ('company_id', '=', None)], context=context)
         res = product_obj.read(cr, uid, ids, ['id', 'name'], context=context)
@@ -75,6 +77,8 @@ class pos_box_out(osv.osv_memory):
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.template')
         productp_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
         res_obj = self.pool.get('res.users')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for data in  self.read(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             curr_company = res_obj.browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id.id
             statement_id = statement_obj.search(cr, uid, [('journal_id', '=', data['journal_id']), ('company_id', '=', curr_company), ('user_id', '=', uid), ('state', '=', 'open')], context=context)
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_close_statement.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_close_statement.py
index 222338f6e10..03f26b7f0d8 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_close_statement.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_close_statement.py
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ class pos_close_statement(osv.osv_memory):
         j_ids = map(lambda x1: x1[0], cr.fetchall())
         journal_ids = journal_obj.search(cr, uid, [('auto_cash', '=', True), ('type', '=', 'cash'), ('id', 'in', j_ids)], context=context)
         ids = statement_obj.search(cr, uid, [('state', '!=', 'confirm'), ('user_id', '=', uid), ('journal_id', 'in', journal_ids)], context=context)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for journal in journal_obj.browse(cr, uid, journal_ids, context=context):
             if not ids:
                 raise osv.except_osv(_('Message'), _('Cash registers are already closed.'))
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_discount.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_discount.py
index f0ea93e3d7a..149f6260ad3 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_discount.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_discount.py
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ class pos_discount(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary
          @return: New arch of view with new columns.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         super(pos_discount, self).view_init(cr, uid, fields_list, context=context)
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
         order = self.pool.get('pos.order').browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_open_statement.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_open_statement.py
index 954f95070c8..0b10f0cab42 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_open_statement.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_open_statement.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ class pos_open_statement(osv.osv_memory):
         statement_obj = self.pool.get('account.bank.statement')
         sequence_obj = self.pool.get('ir.sequence')
         journal_obj = self.pool.get('account.journal')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         company_id = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id.id
         cr.execute("SELECT DISTINCT journal_id FROM pos_journal_users "
                     "WHERE user_id = %s ORDER BY journal_id"% (uid, ))
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_payment.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_payment.py
index c7ae5d6eb27..b8043d658ef 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_payment.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_payment.py
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ class pos_make_payment(osv.osv_memory):
         return res
 
     def view_init(self, cr, uid, fields_list, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         super(pos_make_payment, self).view_init(cr, uid, fields_list, context=context)
         active_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
         if active_id:
@@ -140,13 +142,15 @@ class pos_make_payment(osv.osv_memory):
         if the order is paid print invoice (if wanted) or ticket.
         """
         order_obj = self.pool.get('pos.order')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         active_id = context and context.get('active_id', False)
         order = order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_id, context=context)
         amount = order.amount_total - order.amount_paid
         data =  self.read(cr, uid, ids, context=context)[0]
         # Todo need to check ...
         if data['is_acc']:
-            line_id, price = order_obj.add_product(cr, uid, order.id, data['product_id'], -1.0, context)
+            line_id, price = order_obj.add_product(cr, uid, order.id, data['product_id'], -1.0, context=context)
             amount = order.amount_total - order.amount_paid - price
 
         if amount != 0.0:
@@ -155,28 +159,28 @@ class pos_make_payment(osv.osv_memory):
 
         if order_obj.test_paid(cr, uid, [active_id]):
             if data['partner_id'] and data['invoice_wanted']:
-                order_obj.action_invoice(cr, uid, [active_id], context)
-                order_obj.create_picking(cr, uid, [active_id], context)
+                order_obj.action_invoice(cr, uid, [active_id], context=context)
+                order_obj.create_picking(cr, uid, [active_id], context=context)
                 if context.get('return', False):
                     order_obj.write(cr, uid, [active_id], {'state':'done'}, context=context)
                 else:
                     order_obj.write(cr, uid, [active_id],{'state':'paid'}, context=context)
-                return self.create_invoice(cr, uid, ids, context)
+                return self.create_invoice(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
             else:
                 context.update({'flag': True})
-                order_obj.action_paid(cr, uid, [active_id], context)
+                order_obj.action_paid(cr, uid, [active_id], context=context)
                 if context.get('return', False):
                     order_obj.write(cr, uid, [active_id], {'state':'done'}, context=context)
                 else:
                     order_obj.write(cr, uid, [active_id], {'state':'paid'}, context=context)
-                return self.print_report(cr, uid, ids, context)
+                return self.print_report(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
 
         if order.amount_paid > 0.0:
             context.update({'flag': True})
             # Todo need to check
-            order_obj.action_paid(cr, uid, [active_id], context)
+            order_obj.action_paid(cr, uid, [active_id], context=context)
             order_obj.write(cr, uid, [active_id], {'state': 'advance'}, context=context)
-            return self.print_report(cr, uid, ids, context)
+            return self.print_report(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         return {}
 
 
@@ -184,6 +188,8 @@ class pos_make_payment(osv.osv_memory):
         """
           Create  a invoice
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         active_ids = [context and context.get('active_id', False)]
         datas = {'ids': active_ids}
         return {
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_receipt.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_receipt.py
index 39e38bdfa3c..19ce8c2c359 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_receipt.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_receipt.py
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ class pos_receipt(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: New arch of view with new columns.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         order_lst = self. pool.get('pos.order').browse(cr, uid, context['active_id'], context=context)
 
     def print_report(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ class pos_receipt(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return : retrun report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         return {
             'type': 'ir.actions.report.xml',
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_return.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_return.py
index c0e37d84ef3..9d85d3c84fe 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_return.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_return.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
         active_ids = context.get('active_ids')
         if not context:
             context={}
-        for order in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_ids):
+        for order in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_ids, context=context):
             for line in order.lines:
                 if 'return%s'%(line.id) in fields:
                     res['return%s'%(line.id)] = line.qty
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
             context={}
 
         active_ids=context.get('active_ids')
-        for order in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_ids):
+        for order in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_ids, context=context):
             for line in order.lines:
                 if 'return%s'%(line.id) not in self._columns:
                     self._columns['return%s'%(line.id)] = fields.float("Quantity")
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
                             <form string="Return lines">
                             <label string="Quantities you enter, match to products that will return to the stock." colspan="4"/>"""
             _line_fields = result['fields']
-            order=order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_id)
+            order=order_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_id, context=context)
             for line in order.lines:
                 quantity=line.qty
                 _line_fields.update({
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
         return result
 
 
-    def  create_returns(self, cr, uid, data, context):
+    def  create_returns(self, cr, uid, data, context=None):
         """
              @param self: The object pointer.
              @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -143,10 +143,12 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
              @return: Return the add product form again for adding more product
 
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         current_rec = self.read(cr, uid, data[0], context=context)
         order_obj =self.pool.get('pos.order')
         line_obj = self.pool.get('pos.order.line')
-        pos_current = order_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_id'))
+        pos_current = order_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_id'), context=context)
         pos_line_ids = pos_current.lines
         if pos_line_ids:
             for pos_line in pos_line_ids:
@@ -171,7 +173,9 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
             'context': context,
             'type': 'ir.actions.act_window',
         }
-    def create_returns2(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def create_returns2(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         active_id = context.get('active_id', False)
         order_obj =self.pool.get('pos.order')
         line_obj = self.pool.get('pos.order.line')
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ class pos_return(osv.osv_memory):
 
             for order_id in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, [active_id], context=context):
                 prop_ids = property_obj.search(cr, uid,[('name', '=', 'property_stock_customer')])
-                val = property_obj.browse(cr, uid, prop_ids[0]).value_reference
+                val = property_obj.browse(cr, uid, prop_ids[0], context=context).value_reference
                 cr.execute("SELECT s.id FROM stock_location s, stock_warehouse w "
                             "WHERE w.lot_stock_id=s.id AND w.id=%s ", 
                             (order_id.shop_id.warehouse_id.id,))
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ pos_return()
 
 class add_product(osv.osv_memory):
     _inherit = 'pos.add.product'
-    def select_product(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def select_product(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
              To get the product and quantity and add in order .
              @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -266,6 +270,8 @@ class add_product(osv.osv_memory):
              @param context: A standard dictionary
              @return : Retrun the add product form again for adding more product
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         active_id=context.get('active_id', False)
         data =  self.read(cr, uid, ids)
@@ -293,7 +299,7 @@ class add_product(osv.osv_memory):
                 location_id=res and res[0] or None
                 stock_dest_id = val.id
 
-                prod_id=prod_obj.browse(cr, uid, prod)
+                prod_id=prod_obj.browse(cr, uid, prod, context=context)
                 new_picking=picking_obj.create(cr, uid, {
                                 'name':'%s (Added)' %order_id.name,
                                 'move_lines':[],
@@ -329,7 +335,7 @@ class add_product(osv.osv_memory):
             'type': 'ir.actions.act_window',
         }
 
-    def close_action(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def close_action(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         active_ids=context.get('active_ids', False)
         order_obj = self.pool.get('pos.order')
         lines_obj = self.pool.get('pos.order.line')
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user.py
index 1d1c7df6de2..29837b1cc3a 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user.py
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ class pos_sale_user(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary
          @return : return report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['date_start', 'date_end', 'user_id'], context=context)
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_current_user.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_current_user.py
index 52769ca499f..86973d5efe4 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_current_user.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_current_user.py
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class pos_sales_user_today_current_user(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary
          @return : retrun report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, [], context=context)
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_today.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_today.py
index 123c8fee607..5645a879e4d 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_today.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_sales_user_today.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ class pos_sales_user_today(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary
          @return : retrun report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['user_id'], context=context)
diff --git a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_scan_product.py b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_scan_product.py
index debfe3b7737..cbf5315c471 100644
--- a/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_scan_product.py
+++ b/addons/point_of_sale/wizard/pos_scan_product.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class pos_scan_product(osv.osv_memory):
     _columns = {
         'gencod': fields.char('Barcode',size=13,required= True)
     }
-    def scan(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def scan(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ 
          To get the gencod and scan product         
          @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ class pos_scan_product(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary 
          @return : retrun gencod
         """
-                
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data=self.read(cr, uid, ids)[0]
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id',False)
         result =self. pool.get('pos.order.line')._scan_product(cr, uid, data['gencod'], 1, record_id)
diff --git a/addons/process/process.py b/addons/process/process.py
index 2d58cef7690..676b75ae47e 100644
--- a/addons/process/process.py
+++ b/addons/process/process.py
@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ class process_process(osv.osv):
         'active' : lambda *a: True,
     }
 
-    def search_by_model(self, cr, uid, res_model, context):
+    def search_by_model(self, cr, uid, res_model, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pool = pooler.get_pool(cr.dbname)
         model_ids = (res_model or None) and pool.get('ir.model').search(cr, uid, [('model', '=', res_model)])
 
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ class process_process(osv.osv):
         # search all processes
         res = pool.get('process.process').search(cr, uid, domain)
         if res:
-            res = pool.get('process.process').browse(cr, uid, res, context)
+            res = pool.get('process.process').browse(cr, uid, res, context=context)
             for process in res:
                 result.append((process.id, process.name))
             return result
@@ -70,18 +72,20 @@ class process_process(osv.osv):
         # else search process nodes
         res = pool.get('process.node').search(cr, uid, domain)
         if res:
-            res = pool.get('process.node').browse(cr, uid, res, context)
+            res = pool.get('process.node').browse(cr, uid, res, context=context)
             for node in res:
                 if (node.process_id.id, node.process_id.name) not in result:
                     result.append((node.process_id.id, node.process_id.name))
 
         return result
 
-    def graph_get(self, cr, uid, id, res_model, res_id, scale, context):
+    def graph_get(self, cr, uid, id, res_model, res_id, scale, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         pool = pooler.get_pool(cr.dbname)
 
-        process = pool.get('process.process').browse(cr, uid, [id], context)[0]
+        process = pool.get('process.process').browse(cr, uid, [id], context=context)[0]
 
         name = process.name
         resource = None
@@ -95,13 +99,13 @@ class process_process(osv.osv):
             states = dict(pool.get(res_model).fields_get(cr, uid, context=context).get('state', {}).get('selection', {}))
 
         if res_id:
-            current_object = pool.get(res_model).browse(cr, uid, [res_id], context)[0]
-            current_user = pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, [uid], context)[0]
+            current_object = pool.get(res_model).browse(cr, uid, [res_id], context=context)[0]
+            current_user = pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, [uid], context=context)[0]
             expr_context = Env(current_object, current_user)
             resource = current_object.name
             if 'state' in current_object:
                 state = states.get(current_object.state, 'N/A')
-            perm = pool.get(res_model).perm_read(cr, uid, [res_id], context)[0]
+            perm = pool.get(res_model).perm_read(cr, uid, [res_id], context=context)[0]
 
         notes = process.note or "N/A"
         nodes = {}
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ class process_process(osv.osv):
 
             nodes[nid]['res'] = resource = {'id': ref_id, 'model': ref_model}
 
-            refobj = pool.get(ref_model).browse(cr, uid, [ref_id], context)[0]
+            refobj = pool.get(ref_model).browse(cr, uid, [ref_id], context=context)[0]
             fields = pool.get(ref_model).fields_get(cr, uid, context=context)
 
             # check for directory_id from inherited from document module
@@ -251,9 +255,12 @@ class process_process(osv.osv):
 
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         pool = pooler.get_pool(cr.dbname)
-        process = pool.get('process.process').browse(cr, uid, [id], context)[0]
+        process = pool.get('process.process').browse(cr, uid, [id], context=context)[0]
 
         nodes = {}
         transitions = {}
@@ -312,11 +319,13 @@ class process_node(osv.osv):
     def copy_data(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({
             'transition_in': [],
             'transition_out': []
         })
-        return super(process_node, self).copy_data(cr, uid, id, default, context)
+        return super(process_node, self).copy_data(cr, uid, id, default, context=context)
 
 process_node()
 
@@ -369,6 +378,9 @@ class process_transition_action(osv.osv):
     def copy_data(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+            
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         state = self.pool.get('process.transition.action').browse(cr, uid, [id], context=context)[0].state
         if state:
diff --git a/addons/procurement/procurement.py b/addons/procurement/procurement.py
index e1a241ad36c..939dd46496c 100644
--- a/addons/procurement/procurement.py
+++ b/addons/procurement/procurement.py
@@ -69,8 +69,10 @@ class StockMove(osv.osv):
     
     def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         default = default or {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default['procurements'] = []
-        return super(StockMove, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context)
+        return super(StockMove, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context=context)
 
 StockMove()
 
@@ -130,6 +132,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
     def unlink(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         procurements = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['state'])
         unlink_ids = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for s in procurements:
             if s['state'] in ['draft','cancel']:
                 unlink_ids.append(s['id'])
@@ -144,6 +148,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         @param product_id: Changed id of product.
         @return: Dictionary of values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if product_id:
             w = self.pool.get('product.product').browse(cr, uid, product_id, context=context)
             v = {
@@ -163,12 +169,16 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         """ Checks if move is cancelled or not.
         @return: True or False.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return all(procurement.move_id.state == 'cancel' for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context))
 
     def check_move_done(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Checks if move is done or not.
         @return: True or False.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return all(procurement.move_id.state == 'done' for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context))
 
     #
@@ -203,6 +213,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         """ Finds quantity of product used in procurement.
         @return: Quantity of product.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         proc = self.browse(cr, uid, id, context=context)
         result = self._quantity_compute_get(cr, uid, proc, context=context)
         if not result:
@@ -213,8 +225,10 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         """ Finds UoM of product used in procurement.
         @return: UoM of product.
         """
-        proc = self.browse(cr, uid, id, context)
-        result = self._uom_compute_get(cr, uid, proc, context)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        proc = self.browse(cr, uid, id, context=context)
+        result = self._uom_compute_get(cr, uid, proc, context=context)
         if not result:
             result = proc.product_uom.id
         return result
@@ -228,14 +242,18 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
                 return True
         return False
 
-    def check_produce_service(self, cr, uid, procurement, context=[]):
+    def check_produce_service(self, cr, uid, procurement, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return False
 
-    def check_produce_product(self, cr, uid, procurement, context=[]):
+    def check_produce_product(self, cr, uid, procurement, context=None):
         """ Finds BoM of a product if not found writes exception message.
         @param procurement: Current procurement.
         @return: True or False.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return True
 
     def check_make_to_stock(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
@@ -243,6 +261,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         @return: True or False
         """
         ok = True
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if procurement.product_id.type == 'service':
                 ok = ok and self._check_make_to_stock_service(cr, uid, procurement, context)
@@ -255,6 +275,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         @return: True or Product Id.
         """
         res = True
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         user = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context)
         for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if procurement.product_id.product_tmpl_id.supply_method <> 'produce':
@@ -312,6 +334,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         @return: True
         """
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if procurement.product_qty <= 0.00:
                 raise osv.except_osv(_('Data Insufficient !'), 
@@ -359,6 +383,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         @return: True or move id.
         """
         ok = True
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if procurement.move_id:
             id = procurement.move_id.id
             if not (procurement.move_id.state in ('done','assigned','cancel')):
@@ -526,8 +552,10 @@ class stock_warehouse_orderpoint(osv.osv):
         @param warehouse_id: Changed id of warehouse.
         @return: Dictionary of values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if warehouse_id:
-            w = self.pool.get('stock.warehouse').browse(cr, uid, warehouse_id, context)
+            w = self.pool.get('stock.warehouse').browse(cr, uid, warehouse_id, context=context)
             v = {'location_id': w.lot_stock_id.id}
             return {'value': v}
         return {}
@@ -537,6 +565,8 @@ class stock_warehouse_orderpoint(osv.osv):
         @param product_id: Changed id of product.
         @return: Dictionary of values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if product_id:
             prod = self.pool.get('product.product').browse(cr, uid, product_id, context=context)
             v = {'product_uom': prod.uom_id.id}
@@ -546,10 +576,12 @@ class stock_warehouse_orderpoint(osv.osv):
     def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({
             'name': self.pool.get('ir.sequence').get(cr, uid, 'stock.orderpoint') or '',
         })
-        return super(stock_warehouse_orderpoint, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context)
+        return super(stock_warehouse_orderpoint, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context=context)
     
 stock_warehouse_orderpoint()
 # vim:expandtab:smartindent:tabstop=4:softtabstop=4:shiftwidth=4:
diff --git a/addons/procurement/schedulers.py b/addons/procurement/schedulers.py
index b3d3c3bb98d..b5afe9c35d7 100644
--- a/addons/procurement/schedulers.py
+++ b/addons/procurement/schedulers.py
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
             while True:
                 cr.execute("select id from procurement_order where state='confirmed' and procure_method='make_to_order' order by priority,date_planned limit 500 offset %s", (offset,))
                 ids = map(lambda x: x[0], cr.fetchall())
-                for proc in procurement_obj.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+                for proc in procurement_obj.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
                     if maxdate >= proc.date_planned:
                         wf_service.trg_validate(uid, 'procurement.order', proc.id, 'button_check', cr)
                     else:
                         offset += 1
                         report_later += 1
-                for proc in procurement_obj.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+                for proc in procurement_obj.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
                     if proc.state == 'exception':
                         report.append('PROC %d: on order - %3.2f %-5s - %s' % \
                                 (proc.id, proc.product_qty, proc.product_uom.name,
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
                     else:
                         report_later += 1
                     report_total += 1
-                for proc in procurement_obj.browse(cr, uid, report_ids):
+                for proc in procurement_obj.browse(cr, uid, report_ids, context=context):
                     if proc.state == 'exception':
                         report.append('PROC %d: from stock - %3.2f %-5s - %s' % \
                                 (proc.id, proc.product_qty, proc.product_uom.name,
diff --git a/addons/procurement/wizard/make_procurement_product.py b/addons/procurement/wizard/make_procurement_product.py
index 292cf7faf72..1b45517339a 100644
--- a/addons/procurement/wizard/make_procurement_product.py
+++ b/addons/procurement/wizard/make_procurement_product.py
@@ -62,14 +62,16 @@ class make_procurement(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: A dictionary which loads Procurement form view.
         """
-        user = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context).login
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        user = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).login
         wh_obj = self.pool.get('stock.warehouse')
         procurement_obj = self.pool.get('procurement.order')
         wf_service = netsvc.LocalService("workflow")
         data_obj = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
 
-        for proc in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
-            wh = wh_obj.browse(cr, uid, proc.warehouse_id.id, context)
+        for proc in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
+            wh = wh_obj.browse(cr, uid, proc.warehouse_id.id, context=context)
             procure_id = procurement_obj.create(cr, uid, {
                 'name':'INT: '+str(user),
                 'date_planned': proc.date_planned,
@@ -109,6 +111,8 @@ class make_procurement(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: A dictionary which of fields with values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
 
         res = super(make_procurement, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
diff --git a/addons/procurement/wizard/mrp_procurement.py b/addons/procurement/wizard/mrp_procurement.py
index 40977cf0b1a..7765728a834 100644
--- a/addons/procurement/wizard/mrp_procurement.py
+++ b/addons/procurement/wizard/mrp_procurement.py
@@ -26,15 +26,17 @@ class procurement_compute(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = 'procurement.order.compute'
     _description = 'Compute Procurement'
 
-    def _procure_calculation_procure(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def _procure_calculation_procure(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         try:
+            if not context:
+                context = {}
             proc_obj = self.pool.get('procurement.order')
             proc_obj._procure_confirm(cr, uid, use_new_cursor=cr.dbname, context=context)
         finally:
             pass
         return {}
 
-    def procure_calculation(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def procure_calculation(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
          @param self: The object pointer.
          @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -42,6 +44,8 @@ class procurement_compute(osv.osv_memory):
          @param ids: List of IDs selected
          @param context: A standard dictionary
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         threaded_calculation = threading.Thread(target=self._procure_calculation_procure, args=(cr, uid, ids, context))
         threaded_calculation.start()
         return {}
diff --git a/addons/procurement/wizard/orderpoint_procurement.py b/addons/procurement/wizard/orderpoint_procurement.py
index cec7d13554d..8c251846f7b 100644
--- a/addons/procurement/wizard/orderpoint_procurement.py
+++ b/addons/procurement/wizard/orderpoint_procurement.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class procurement_compute(osv.osv_memory):
             'automatic': False,
     }
 
-    def _procure_calculation_orderpoint(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def _procure_calculation_orderpoint(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -47,13 +47,15 @@ class procurement_compute(osv.osv_memory):
         @param ids: List of IDs selected
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         proc_obj = self.pool.get('procurement.order')
-        for proc in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for proc in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             proc_obj._procure_orderpoint_confirm(cr, uid, automatic=proc.automatic, use_new_cursor=cr.dbname, context=context)
 
         return {}
 
-    def procure_calculation(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def procure_calculation(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -61,6 +63,8 @@ class procurement_compute(osv.osv_memory):
         @param ids: List of IDs selected
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         threaded_calculation = threading.Thread(target=self._procure_calculation_orderpoint, args=(cr, uid, ids, context))
         threaded_calculation.start()
         return {}
diff --git a/addons/procurement/wizard/schedulers_all.py b/addons/procurement/wizard/schedulers_all.py
index 11ecb9d2bf2..9e9ca3d2487 100644
--- a/addons/procurement/wizard/schedulers_all.py
+++ b/addons/procurement/wizard/schedulers_all.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class procurement_compute_all(osv.osv_memory):
          'automatic': lambda *a: False,
     }
 
-    def _procure_calculation_all(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def _procure_calculation_all(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -44,12 +44,14 @@ class procurement_compute_all(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         """
         proc_obj = self.pool.get('procurement.order')
-        for proc in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for proc in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             proc_obj.run_scheduler(cr, uid, automatic=proc.automatic, use_new_cursor=cr.dbname,\
                     context=context)
         return {}
 
-    def procure_calculation(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def procure_calculation(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ class procurement_compute_all(osv.osv_memory):
         @param ids: List of IDs selected
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         threaded_calculation = threading.Thread(target=self._procure_calculation_all, args=(cr, uid, ids, context))
         threaded_calculation.start()
         return {}
diff --git a/addons/product/pricelist.py b/addons/product/pricelist.py
index f9b8ddf86cc..fea11385946 100644
--- a/addons/product/pricelist.py
+++ b/addons/product/pricelist.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ class price_type(osv.osv):
         mf = self.pool.get('ir.model.fields')
         ids = mf.search(cr, uid, [('model','in', (('product.product'),('product.template'))), ('ttype','=','float')], context=context)
         res = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for field in mf.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res.append((field.name, field.field_description))
         return res
@@ -82,6 +84,8 @@ product_pricelist_type()
 
 class product_pricelist(osv.osv):
     def _pricelist_type_get(self, cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pricelist_type_obj = self.pool.get('product.pricelist.type')
         pricelist_type_ids = pricelist_type_obj.search(cr, uid, [], order='name')
         pricelist_types = pricelist_type_obj.read(cr, uid, pricelist_type_ids, ['key','name'], context=context)
@@ -108,6 +112,8 @@ class product_pricelist(osv.osv):
         result= []
         if not all(ids):
             return result
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pl in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             name = pl.name + ' ('+ pl.currency_id.name + ')'
             result.append((pl.id,name))
@@ -292,6 +298,8 @@ class product_pricelist(osv.osv):
         return results
 
     def price_get(self, cr, uid, ids, prod_id, qty, partner=None, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res_multi = self.price_get_multi(cr, uid, pricelist_ids=ids, products_by_qty_by_partner=[(prod_id, qty, partner)], context=context)
         res = res_multi[prod_id]
         res.update({'item_id': {ids[-1]: ids[-1]}})
@@ -470,6 +478,8 @@ class product_pricelist_version(osv.osv):
         return super(product_pricelist_version, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context)
 
     def _check_date(self, cursor, user, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pricelist_version in self.browse(cursor, user, ids, context=context):
             if not pricelist_version.active:
                 continue
@@ -500,6 +510,8 @@ product_pricelist_version()
 
 class product_pricelist_item(osv.osv):
     def _price_field_get(self, cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pt = self.pool.get('product.price.type')
         ids = pt.search(cr, uid, [], context=context)
         result = []
@@ -521,6 +533,8 @@ class product_pricelist_item(osv.osv):
     }
 
     def _check_recursion(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for obj_list in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if obj_list.base == -1:
                 main_pricelist = obj_list.price_version_id.pricelist_id.id
@@ -565,6 +579,8 @@ class product_pricelist_item(osv.osv):
     def product_id_change(self, cr, uid, ids, product_id, context=None):
         if not product_id:
             return {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         prod = self.pool.get('product.product').read(cr, uid, [product_id], ['code','name'])
         if prod[0]['code']:
             return {'value': {'name': prod[0]['code']}}
diff --git a/addons/product/product.py b/addons/product/product.py
index 131d8c33f53..067c9643b9a 100644
--- a/addons/product/product.py
+++ b/addons/product/product.py
@@ -49,16 +49,22 @@ class product_uom(osv.osv):
     def _compute_factor_inv(self, factor):
         return factor and round(1.0 / factor, 6) or 0.0
 
-    def _factor_inv(self, cursor, user, ids, name, arg, context):
+    def _factor_inv(self, cursor, user, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for uom in self.browse(cursor, user, ids, context=context):
             res[uom.id] = self._compute_factor_inv(uom.factor)
         return res
 
-    def _factor_inv_write(self, cursor, user, id, name, value, arg, context):
+    def _factor_inv_write(self, cursor, user, id, name, value, arg, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return self.write(cursor, user, id, {'factor': self._compute_factor_inv(value)}, context=context)
 
     def create(self, cr, uid, data, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if 'factor_inv' in data:
             if data['factor_inv'] <> 1:
                 data['factor'] = self._compute_factor_inv(data['factor_inv'])
@@ -155,7 +161,9 @@ class product_category(osv.osv):
     def name_get(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         if not len(ids):
             return []
-        reads = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['name','parent_id'], context)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        reads = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['name','parent_id'], context=context)
         res = []
         for record in reads:
             name = record['name']
@@ -164,8 +172,10 @@ class product_category(osv.osv):
             res.append((record['id'], name))
         return res
 
-    def _name_get_fnc(self, cr, uid, ids, prop, unknow_none, context):
-        res = self.name_get(cr, uid, ids, context)
+    def _name_get_fnc(self, cr, uid, ids, prop, unknow_none, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        res = self.name_get(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         return dict(res)
 
     _name = "product.category"
@@ -187,6 +197,8 @@ class product_category(osv.osv):
     _order = "sequence"
     def _check_recursion(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         level = 100
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         while len(ids):
             cr.execute('select distinct parent_id from product_category where id IN %s',(tuple(ids),))
             ids = filter(None, map(lambda x:x[0], cr.fetchall()))
@@ -212,6 +224,8 @@ class product_template(osv.osv):
     _description = "Product Template"
     def _calc_seller(self, cr, uid, ids, fields, arg, context=None):
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for product in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for field in fields:
                 result[product.id] = {field:False}
@@ -276,6 +290,8 @@ class product_template(osv.osv):
         return res and res[0] or False
 
     def _default_category(self, cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if 'categ_id' in context and context['categ_id']:
             return context['categ_id']
         md = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
@@ -308,12 +324,16 @@ class product_template(osv.osv):
     }
 
     def _check_uom(self, cursor, user, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for product in self.browse(cursor, user, ids, context=context):
             if product.uom_id.category_id.id <> product.uom_po_id.category_id.id:
                 return False
         return True
 
     def _check_uos(self, cursor, user, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for product in self.browse(cursor, user, ids, context=context):
             if product.uos_id \
                     and product.uos_id.category_id.id \
@@ -327,6 +347,8 @@ class product_template(osv.osv):
     ]
 
     def name_get(self, cr, user, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if 'partner_id' in context:
             pass
         return super(product_template, self).name_get(cr, user, ids, context)
@@ -334,14 +356,18 @@ class product_template(osv.osv):
 product_template()
 
 class product_product(osv.osv):
-    def view_header_get(self, cr, uid, view_id, view_type, context):
+    def view_header_get(self, cr, uid, view_id, view_type, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(product_product, self).view_header_get(cr, uid, view_id, view_type, context)
         if (context.get('categ_id', False)):
-            return _('Products: ')+self.pool.get('product.category').browse(cr, uid, context['categ_id'], context).name
+            return _('Products: ')+self.pool.get('product.category').browse(cr, uid, context['categ_id'], context=context).name
         return res
 
     def _product_price(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         quantity = context.get('quantity', 1)
         pricelist = context.get('pricelist', False)
         if pricelist:
@@ -367,6 +393,8 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
 
     def _product_lst_price(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         product_uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         for id in ids:
             res.setdefault(id, 0.0)
@@ -381,6 +409,8 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
         return res
 
     def _get_partner_code_name(self, cr, uid, ids, product, partner_id, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for supinfo in product.seller_ids:
             if supinfo.name.id == partner_id:
                 return {'code': supinfo.product_code or product.default_code, 'name': supinfo.product_name or product.name, 'variants': ''}
@@ -389,14 +419,18 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
 
     def _product_code(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for p in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
-            res[p.id] = self._get_partner_code_name(cr, uid, [], p, context.get('partner_id', None), context)['code']
+            res[p.id] = self._get_partner_code_name(cr, uid, [], p, context.get('partner_id', None), context=context)['code']
         return res
 
     def _product_partner_ref(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for p in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
-            data = self._get_partner_code_name(cr, uid, [], p, context.get('partner_id', None), context)
+            data = self._get_partner_code_name(cr, uid, [], p, context.get('partner_id', None), context=context)
             if not data['variants']:
                 data['variants'] = p.variants
             if not data['code']:
@@ -447,6 +481,8 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
         return False
 
     def _check_ean_key(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for partner in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if not partner.ean13:
                 continue
@@ -475,6 +511,8 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
     def name_get(self, cr, user, ids, context=None):
         if not len(ids):
             return []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         def _name_get(d):
             name = d.get('name','')
             code = d.get('default_code',False)
@@ -483,7 +521,7 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
             if d['variants']:
                 name = name + ' - %s' % (d['variants'],)
             return (d['id'], name)
-        result = map(_name_get, self.read(cr, user, ids, ['variants','name','default_code'], context))
+        result = map(_name_get, self.read(cr, user, ids, ['variants','name','default_code'], context=context))
         return result
 
     def name_search(self, cr, user, name='', args=None, operator='ilike', context=None, limit=100):
@@ -505,7 +543,7 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
                    ids = self.search(cr, user, [('default_code','ilike',res.group(2))]+ args, limit=limit, context=context)
         else:
             ids = self.search(cr, user, args, limit=limit, context=context)
-        result = self.name_get(cr, user, ids, context)
+        result = self.name_get(cr, user, ids, context=context)
         return result
 
     #
@@ -599,6 +637,8 @@ class product_packaging(osv.osv):
         if not len(ids):
             return []
         res = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pckg in self.browse(cr, uid, ids,context=context):
             p_name = pckg.ean and '[' + pckg.ean + '] ' or ''
             p_name += pckg.ul.name
@@ -632,6 +672,8 @@ class product_supplierinfo(osv.osv):
     _description = "Information about a product supplier"
     def _calc_qty(self, cr, uid, ids, fields, arg, context=None):
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         product_uom_pool = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         for supplier_info in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for field in fields:
@@ -668,6 +710,8 @@ class product_supplierinfo(osv.osv):
         'company_id': lambda self,cr,uid,c: self.pool.get('res.company')._company_default_get(cr, uid, 'product.supplierinfo', context=c)
     }
     def _check_uom(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for supplier_info in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if supplier_info.product_uom and supplier_info.product_uom.category_id.id <> supplier_info.product_id.uom_id.category_id.id:
                 return False
@@ -692,7 +736,7 @@ class product_supplierinfo(osv.osv):
         partner_pool = self.pool.get('res.partner')
         pricelist_pool = self.pool.get('product.pricelist')
         currency_pool = self.pool.get('res.currency')
-        currency_id = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid).company_id.currency_id.id
+        currency_id = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id.currency_id.id
         for supplier in partner_pool.browse(cr, uid, supplier_ids, context=context):
             # Compute price from standard price of product
             price = product_pool.price_get(cr, uid, [product_id], 'standard_price')[product_id]
@@ -734,8 +778,10 @@ pricelist_partnerinfo()
 
 class res_users(osv.osv):
     _inherit = 'res.users'
-    def _get_group(self, cr, uid, context):
-        result = super(res_users, self)._get_group(cr, uid, context)
+    def _get_group(self, cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        result = super(res_users, self)._get_group(cr, uid, context=context)
         dataobj = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
         try:
             dummy,group_id = dataobj.get_object_reference(cr, 1, 'product', 'group_product_manager')
diff --git a/addons/product/wizard/product_price.py b/addons/product/wizard/product_price.py
index 853935acf6e..a2c24305e23 100644
--- a/addons/product/wizard/product_price.py
+++ b/addons/product/wizard/product_price.py
@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ class product_price_list(osv.osv_memory):
         To get the date and print the report
         @return : return report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
-        res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['price_list','qty1', 'qty2','qty3','qty4','qty5'], context)
+        res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['price_list','qty1', 'qty2','qty3','qty4','qty5'], context=context)
         res = res and res[0] or {}
         datas['form'] = res
         return {
diff --git a/addons/product_expiry/product_expiry.py b/addons/product_expiry/product_expiry.py
index 01ce50dead8..ff6728204ee 100644
--- a/addons/product_expiry/product_expiry.py
+++ b/addons/product_expiry/product_expiry.py
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ class stock_production_lot(osv.osv):
     }
     # Assign dates according to products data
     def create(self, cr, uid, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         newid = super(stock_production_lot, self).create(cr, uid, vals, context=context)
         obj = self.browse(cr, uid, newid, context=context)
         towrite = []
diff --git a/addons/product_margin/wizard/product_margin.py b/addons/product_margin/wizard/product_margin.py
index 811477571d4..cdbe70b49bd 100644
--- a/addons/product_margin/wizard/product_margin.py
+++ b/addons/product_margin/wizard/product_margin.py
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ class product_margin(osv.osv_memory):
 
             @return:
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         mod_obj = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
         result = mod_obj._get_id(cr, uid, 'product', 'product_search_form_view')
         id = mod_obj.read(cr, uid, result, ['res_id'])
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ class product_margin(osv.osv_memory):
         view_res = cr.fetchone()[0]
 
         #get the current product.margin object to obtain the values from it
-        product_margin_obj = self.browse(cr,uid,ids)[0]
+        product_margin_obj = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)[0]
 
         return {
             'name': _('Product Margins'),
diff --git a/addons/project/project.py b/addons/project/project.py
index 49e2579e92d..e432a58b87d 100644
--- a/addons/project/project.py
+++ b/addons/project/project.py
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ class project(osv.osv):
     _inherits = {'account.analytic.account': "analytic_account_id"}
 
     def search(self, cr, user, args, offset=0, limit=None, order=None, context=None, count=False):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if user == 1:
             return super(project, self).search(cr, user, args, offset=offset, limit=limit, order=order, context=context, count=count)
         if context and context.has_key('user_prefence') and context['user_prefence']:
@@ -65,6 +67,8 @@ class project(osv.osv):
 
     def _complete_name(self, cr, uid, ids, name, args, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for m in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res[m.id] = (m.parent_id and (m.parent_id.name + '/') or '') + m.name
         return res
@@ -73,6 +77,8 @@ class project(osv.osv):
         partner_obj = self.pool.get('res.partner')
         if not part:
             return {'value':{'contact_id': False, 'pricelist_id': False}}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         addr = partner_obj.address_get(cr, uid, [part], ['contact'])
         pricelist = partner_obj.read(cr, uid, part, ['property_product_pricelist'], context=context)
         pricelist_id = pricelist.get('property_product_pricelist', False) and pricelist.get('property_product_pricelist')[0] or False
@@ -83,6 +89,8 @@ class project(osv.osv):
         progress = {}
         if not ids:
             return res
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         cr.execute('''SELECT
                 project_id, sum(planned_hours), sum(total_hours), sum(effective_hours), SUM(remaining_hours)
             FROM
@@ -167,22 +175,28 @@ class project(osv.osv):
     }
 
     # TODO: Why not using a SQL contraints ?
-    def _check_dates(self, cr, uid, ids):
-         for leave in self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['date_start', 'date']):
+    def _check_dates(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for leave in self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['date_start', 'date'], context=context):
              if leave['date_start'] and leave['date']:
                  if leave['date_start'] > leave['date']:
                      return False
-         return True
+        return True
 
     _constraints = [
         (_check_dates, 'Error! project start-date must be lower then project end-date.', ['date_start', 'date'])
     ]
 
     def set_template(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = self.setActive(cr, uid, ids, value=False, context=context)
         return res
 
     def set_done(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         task_obj = self.pool.get('project.task')
         task_ids = task_obj.search(cr, uid, [('project_id', 'in', ids), ('state', 'not in', ('cancelled', 'done'))])
         task_obj.write(cr, uid, task_ids, {'state': 'done', 'date_end':time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), 'remaining_hours': 0.0})
@@ -193,6 +207,8 @@ class project(osv.osv):
         return True
 
     def set_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         task_obj = self.pool.get('project.task')
         task_ids = task_obj.search(cr, uid, [('project_id', 'in', ids), ('state', '!=', 'done')])
         task_obj.write(cr, uid, task_ids, {'state': 'cancelled', 'date_end':time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), 'remaining_hours': 0.0})
@@ -200,14 +216,20 @@ class project(osv.osv):
         return True
 
     def set_pending(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state':'pending'}, context=context)
         return True
 
     def set_open(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state':'open'}, context=context)
         return True
 
     def reset_project(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = self.setActive(cr, uid, ids, value=True, context=context)
         for (id, name) in self.name_get(cr, uid, ids):
             message = _("The project '%s' has been opened.") % name
@@ -307,6 +329,8 @@ class task(osv.osv):
     _date_name = "date_start"
 
     def search(self, cr, user, args, offset=0, limit=None, order=None, context=None, count=False):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         obj_project = self.pool.get('project.project')
         for domain in args:
             if domain[0] == 'project_id' and (not isinstance(domain[2], str)):
@@ -325,6 +349,8 @@ class task(osv.osv):
     def _hours_get(self, cr, uid, ids, field_names, args, context=None):
         project_obj = self.pool.get('project.project')
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         cr.execute("SELECT task_id, COALESCE(SUM(hours),0) FROM project_task_work WHERE task_id IN %s GROUP BY task_id",(tuple(ids),))
         hours = dict(cr.fetchall())
         for task in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
@@ -355,6 +381,8 @@ class task(osv.osv):
 
     def copy_data(self, cr, uid, id, default={}, context=None):
         default = default or {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({'work_ids':[], 'date_start': False, 'date_end': False, 'date_deadline': False})
         if not default.get('remaining_hours', False):
             default['remaining_hours'] = float(self.read(cr, uid, id, ['planned_hours'])['planned_hours'])
@@ -365,6 +393,8 @@ class task(osv.osv):
         return super(task, self).copy_data(cr, uid, id, default, context)
 
     def _check_dates(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         task = self.read(cr, uid, ids[0], ['date_start', 'date_end'])
         if task['date_start'] and task['date_end']:
              if task['date_start'] > task['date_end']:
@@ -373,6 +403,8 @@ class task(osv.osv):
 
     def _is_template(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for task in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res[task.id] = True
             if task.project_id:
@@ -450,8 +482,10 @@ class task(osv.osv):
 
     _order = "sequence, priority, date_start, id"
 
-    def _check_recursion(self, cr, uid, ids):
-        obj_task = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0])
+    def _check_recursion(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        obj_task = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0], context=context)
         parent_ids = [x.id for x in obj_task.parent_ids]
         children_ids = [x.id for x in obj_task.child_ids]
 
@@ -483,10 +517,12 @@ class task(osv.osv):
 
     def fields_view_get(self, cr, uid, view_id=None, view_type='form', context=None, toolbar=False, submenu=False):
         users_obj = self.pool.get('res.users')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         # read uom as admin to avoid access rights issues, e.g. for portal/share users,
         # this should be safe (no context passed to avoid side-effects)
-        obj_tm = users_obj.browse(cr, 1, uid).company_id.project_time_mode_id
+        obj_tm = users_obj.browse(cr, 1, uid, context=context).company_id.project_time_mode_id
         tm = obj_tm and obj_tm.name or 'Hours'
 
         res = super(task, self).fields_view_get(cr, uid, view_id, view_type, context, toolbar, submenu=submenu)
@@ -516,6 +552,8 @@ class task(osv.osv):
         # This action open wizard to send email to partner or project manager after close task.
         project_id = len(ids) and ids[0] or False
         if not project_id: return False
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         task = self.browse(cr, uid, project_id, context=context)
         project = task.project_id
         res = self.do_close(cr, uid, [project_id], context=context)
@@ -641,17 +679,17 @@ class task(osv.osv):
             'description': delegate_data['new_task_description'] or '',
             'child_ids': [],
             'work_ids': []
-        }, context)
+        }, context=context)
         newname = delegate_data['prefix'] or ''
         self.write(cr, uid, [task.id], {
             'remaining_hours': delegate_data['planned_hours_me'],
             'planned_hours': delegate_data['planned_hours_me'] + (task.effective_hours or 0.0),
             'name': newname,
-        }, context)
+        }, context=context)
         if delegate_data['state'] == 'pending':
             self.do_pending(cr, uid, [task.id], context)
         else:
-            self.do_close(cr, uid, [task.id], context)
+            self.do_close(cr, uid, [task.id], context=context)
         user_pool = self.pool.get('res.users')
         delegate_user = user_pool.browse(cr, uid, delegate_data['user_id'], context=context)
         message = _("The task '%s' has been delegated to %s.") % (delegate_data['name'], delegate_user.name)
@@ -714,11 +752,13 @@ class project_work(osv.osv):
             cr.execute('update project_task set remaining_hours=remaining_hours - %s where id=%s', (vals.get('hours',0.0), vals['task_id']))
         return super(project_work,self).create(cr, uid, vals, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def write(self, cr, uid, ids,vals,context={}):
+    def write(self, cr, uid, ids, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if 'hours' in vals and (not vals['hours']):
             vals['hours'] = 0.00
         if 'hours' in vals:
-            for work in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+            for work in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
                 cr.execute('update project_task set remaining_hours=remaining_hours - %s + (%s) where id=%s', (vals.get('hours',0.0), work.hours, work.task_id.id))
         return super(project_work,self).write(cr, uid, ids, vals, context)
 
diff --git a/addons/project_caldav/project_caldav.py b/addons/project_caldav/project_caldav.py
index f1a4bc73e4b..8deed718793 100644
--- a/addons/project_caldav/project_caldav.py
+++ b/addons/project_caldav/project_caldav.py
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ class project_task(osv.osv):
 
 
     def import_cal(self, cr, uid, data, data_id=None, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         todo_obj = self.pool.get('basic.calendar.todo')
         vals = todo_obj.import_cal(cr, uid, data, context=context)
         return self.check_import(cr, uid, vals, context=context)
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ class project_task(osv.osv):
             context = {}
         ids = []
         for val in vals:
-            obj_tm = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context).company_id.project_time_mode_id
+            obj_tm = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id.project_time_mode_id
             if not val.get('planned_hours', False):
                 # 'Computes duration' in days
                 plan = 0.0
diff --git a/addons/project_issue/project_issue.py b/addons/project_issue/project_issue.py
index 46341dd2990..17624502535 100644
--- a/addons/project_issue/project_issue.py
+++ b/addons/project_issue/project_issue.py
@@ -230,7 +230,9 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
             }),
     }
 
-    def _get_project(self, cr, uid, context):
+    def _get_project(self, cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         user = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context)
         if user.context_project_id:
             return user.context_project_id.id
@@ -300,6 +302,8 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
 
 
     def _convert(self, cr, uid, ids, xml_id, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data_obj = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
         id2 = data_obj._get_id(cr, uid, 'project_issue', xml_id)
         categ_id = False
@@ -310,9 +314,13 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
         return True
 
     def convert_to_feature(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return self._convert(cr, uid, ids, 'feature_request_categ', context=context)
 
     def convert_to_bug(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return self._convert(cr, uid, ids, 'bug_categ', context=context)
 
     def next_type(self, cr, uid, ids, *args):
@@ -344,7 +352,7 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
         result = {}
         if not task_id:
             return {'value':{}}
-        task = self.pool.get('project.task').browse(cr, uid, task_id, context)
+        task = self.pool.get('project.task').browse(cr, uid, task_id, context=context)
         return {'value':{'assigned_to': task.user_id.id,}}
 
     def case_escalate(self, cr, uid, ids, *args):
@@ -370,7 +378,7 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
         self._history(cr, uid, cases, _('Escalate'))
         return True
 
-    def message_new(self, cr, uid, msg, context):
+    def message_new(self, cr, uid, msg, context=None):
         """
         Automatically calls when new email message arrives
 
@@ -378,7 +386,8 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
         @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
         @param uid: the current user’s ID for security checks
         """
-
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         mailgate_pool = self.pool.get('email.server.tools')
 
         subject = msg.get('subject') or _('No Title')
@@ -400,7 +409,7 @@ class project_issue(crm.crm_case, osv.osv):
         if res:
             vals.update(res)
         context.update({'state_to' : 'draft'})
-        res = self.create(cr, uid, vals, context)
+        res = self.create(cr, uid, vals, context=context)
         self.convert_to_bug(cr, uid, [res], context=context)
 
         attachents = msg.get('attachments', [])
@@ -487,6 +496,8 @@ class project(osv.osv):
     }
 
     def _check_escalation(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+         if not context:
+            context = {}
          project_obj = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0], context=context)
          if project_obj.project_escalation_id:
              if project_obj.project_escalation_id.id == project_obj.id:
diff --git a/addons/project_long_term/project_long_term.py b/addons/project_long_term/project_long_term.py
index faea0916906..6d26f0dd009 100644
--- a/addons/project_long_term/project_long_term.py
+++ b/addons/project_long_term/project_long_term.py
@@ -70,18 +70,24 @@ class project_phase(osv.osv):
          return True
 
     def _check_dates(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+         if not context:
+            context = {}
          for phase in self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['date_start', 'date_end'], context=context):
              if phase['date_start'] and phase['date_end'] and phase['date_start'] > phase['date_end']:
                  return False
          return True
 
     def _check_constraint_start(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+         if not context:
+            context = {}
          phase = self.read(cr, uid, ids[0], ['date_start', 'constraint_date_start'], context=context)
          if phase['date_start'] and phase['constraint_date_start'] and phase['date_start'] < phase['constraint_date_start']:
              return False
          return True
 
     def _check_constraint_end(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+         if not context:
+            context = {}
          phase = self.read(cr, uid, ids[0], ['date_end', 'constraint_date_end'], context=context)
          if phase['date_end'] and phase['constraint_date_end'] and phase['date_end'] > phase['constraint_date_end']:
              return False
@@ -96,6 +102,8 @@ class project_phase(osv.osv):
         res = {}
         if not ids:
             return res
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for phase in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             tot = 0.0
             for task in phase.task_ids:
@@ -137,6 +145,8 @@ class project_phase(osv.osv):
 
     def onchange_project(self, cr, uid, ids, project, context=None):
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         result['date_start'] = False
         project_obj = self.pool.get('project.project')
         if project:
@@ -146,6 +156,8 @@ class project_phase(osv.osv):
 
     def onchange_days(self, cr, uid, ids, project, context=None):
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for id in ids:
             project_id = self.browse(cr, uid, id, context=context)
             newdate = datetime.strptime(project_id.date_start, '%Y-%m-%d') + relativedelta(days=project_id.duration or 0.0)
@@ -398,6 +410,8 @@ class project_resource_allocation(osv.osv):
 
     def get_name(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for allocation in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             name = allocation.phase_id.name
             name += ' (%s%%)' %(allocation.useability)
@@ -507,7 +521,7 @@ class resource_resource(osv.osv):
             context = {}
         if context.get('project_id',False):
             project_pool = self.pool.get('project.project')
-            project_rec = project_pool.browse(cr, uid, context['project_id'])
+            project_rec = project_pool.browse(cr, uid, context['project_id'], context=context)
             user_ids = [user_id.id for user_id in project_rec.members]
             args.append(('user_id','in',user_ids))
         return super(resource_resource, self).search(cr, uid, args, offset, limit, order, context, count)
diff --git a/addons/project_long_term/wizard/project_compute_phases.py b/addons/project_long_term/wizard/project_compute_phases.py
index ade1da5c9d9..f533a496810 100644
--- a/addons/project_long_term/wizard/project_compute_phases.py
+++ b/addons/project_long_term/wizard/project_compute_phases.py
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ class project_compute_phases(osv.osv_memory):
     }
 
     def check_selection(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return self.compute_date(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
 
     
diff --git a/addons/project_mailgate/project_mailgate.py b/addons/project_mailgate/project_mailgate.py
index 300c6ada411..8e41aca42aa 100644
--- a/addons/project_mailgate/project_mailgate.py
+++ b/addons/project_mailgate/project_mailgate.py
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class project_tasks(osv.osv):
 #        @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
 #        @param uid: the current user’s ID for security checks
 #        """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         mailgate_obj = self.pool.get('email.server.tools')
         subject = msg.get('subject')
         body = msg.get('body')
@@ -95,11 +97,13 @@ class project_tasks(osv.osv):
 
     def message_followers(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         res = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if isinstance(ids, (str, int, long)):
             select = [ids]
         else:
             select = ids
-        for task in self.browse(cr, uid, select):
+        for task in self.browse(cr, uid, select, context=context):
             user_email = (task.user_id and task.user_id.address_id and task.user_id.address_id.email) or False
             res += [(user_email, False, False, task.priority)]
         if isinstance(ids, (str, int, long)):
diff --git a/addons/project_messages/project_messages.py b/addons/project_messages/project_messages.py
index 93f83d62f4a..9d1f162ef82 100644
--- a/addons/project_messages/project_messages.py
+++ b/addons/project_messages/project_messages.py
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ class messages(osv.osv):
     def search(self, cr, uid, args, offset=0, limit=None, order=None, context=None, count=False):
         # return messages by current user, for current user or for all users
         # return all messages if current user is administrator  
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if uid != 1:
             args.extend(['|',('from_id', 'in', [uid,]),('to_id', 'in', [uid, False])])
         return super(messages, self).search(cr, uid, args, offset, limit,
diff --git a/addons/project_mrp/project_procurement.py b/addons/project_mrp/project_procurement.py
index 393961a005d..1350573791d 100644
--- a/addons/project_mrp/project_procurement.py
+++ b/addons/project_mrp/project_procurement.py
@@ -29,13 +29,15 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
     _columns = {
         'task_id': fields.many2one('project.task', 'Task')
     }
-    def check_produce_service(self, cr, uid, procurement, context=[]):
+    def check_produce_service(self, cr, uid, procurement, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return True
 
     def action_produce_assign_service(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         if context is None:
             context = {}
-        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             self.write(cr, uid, [procurement.id], {'state': 'running'})
             planned_hours = procurement.product_qty
             task_id = self.pool.get('project.task').create(cr, uid, {
diff --git a/addons/project_planning/project_planning.py b/addons/project_planning/project_planning.py
index 70dcac97982..b8a44ab1c05 100644
--- a/addons/project_planning/project_planning.py
+++ b/addons/project_planning/project_planning.py
@@ -82,7 +82,9 @@ class report_account_analytic_planning(osv.osv):
 
     def _get_total_planned(self, cr, uid, ids, name, args, context=None):
         result = {}
-        for plan in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for plan in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             plan_hrs=0.0
             for p in plan.planning_user_ids:
                 if not p.plan_open : p.plan_open = 0.0
@@ -93,7 +95,9 @@ class report_account_analytic_planning(osv.osv):
 
     def _get_total_free(self, cr, uid, ids, name, args, context=None):
         result = {}
-        for plan in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for plan in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             total_free = 0.0
             for p in plan.planning_user_ids:
                 if  p.free:
@@ -186,7 +190,7 @@ class report_account_analytic_planning_line(osv.osv):
             context = {}
         if not len(ids):
             return []
-        reads = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['user_id', 'planning_id', 'note'], context)
+        reads = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['user_id', 'planning_id', 'note'], context=context)
         res = []
         for record in reads:
             name = '['+record['planning_id'][1]
diff --git a/addons/project_scrum/project_scrum.py b/addons/project_scrum/project_scrum.py
index 54dd5588391..451593e30f7 100644
--- a/addons/project_scrum/project_scrum.py
+++ b/addons/project_scrum/project_scrum.py
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class project_scrum_meeting(osv.osv):
         if context is None:
             context = {}
         email_from = tools.config.get('email_from', False)
-        meeting_id = self.browse(cr,uid,ids)[0]
+        meeting_id = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)[0]
         user = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context)
         user_email = email_from or user.address_id.email  or email_from
         body = _('Hello ') + meeting_id.sprint_id.scrum_master_id.name + ",\n" + " \n" +_('I am sending you Daily Meeting Details of date')+ ' %s ' % (meeting_id.date)+ _('for the Sprint')+ ' %s\n' % (meeting_id.sprint_id.name)
diff --git a/addons/project_scrum/wizard/project_scrum_email.py b/addons/project_scrum/wizard/project_scrum_email.py
index 4d09cecf8ed..ee1edfd37e7 100644
--- a/addons/project_scrum/wizard/project_scrum_email.py
+++ b/addons/project_scrum/wizard/project_scrum_email.py
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class project_scrum_email(osv.osv_memory):
 
         @return : default values of fields.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         meeting_pool = self.pool.get('project.scrum.meeting')
         record_ids = context and context.get('active_ids', []) or []
         res = super(project_scrum_email, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ class project_scrum_email(osv.osv_memory):
 
     def button_send_scrum_email(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         if context is None:
-            context={}
+            context = {}
 
         active_id = context.get('active_id', False)
         scrum_meeting_pool = self.pool.get('project.scrum.meeting')
diff --git a/addons/project_timesheet/project_timesheet.py b/addons/project_timesheet/project_timesheet.py
index eec531b8641..13aae753109 100644
--- a/addons/project_timesheet/project_timesheet.py
+++ b/addons/project_timesheet/project_timesheet.py
@@ -201,9 +201,9 @@ class task(osv.osv):
         if vals.get('project_id',False) or vals.get('name',False):
             vals_line = {}
             hr_anlytic_timesheet = self.pool.get('hr.analytic.timesheet')
-            task_obj_l = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context)
+            task_obj_l = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
             if vals.get('project_id',False):
-                project_obj = self.pool.get('project.project').browse(cr, uid, vals['project_id'])
+                project_obj = self.pool.get('project.project').browse(cr, uid, vals['project_id'], context=context)
                 acc_id = project_obj.analytic_account_id.id
 
             for task_obj in task_obj_l:
diff --git a/addons/purchase/purchase.py b/addons/purchase/purchase.py
index 934661673cf..a4e250861bc 100644
--- a/addons/purchase/purchase.py
+++ b/addons/purchase/purchase.py
@@ -237,6 +237,8 @@ class purchase_order(osv.osv):
     _order = "name desc"
 
     def unlink(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         purchase_orders = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['state'])
         unlink_ids = []
         for s in purchase_orders:
@@ -604,8 +606,10 @@ class purchase_order(osv.osv):
 purchase_order()
 
 class purchase_order_line(osv.osv):
-    def _amount_line(self, cr, uid, ids, prop, arg,context):
+    def _amount_line(self, cr, uid, ids, prop, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         cur_obj=self.pool.get('res.currency')
         tax_obj = self.pool.get('account.tax')
         for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
@@ -649,9 +653,11 @@ class purchase_order_line(osv.osv):
     _name = 'purchase.order.line'
     _description = 'Purchase Order Line'
 
-    def copy_data(self, cr, uid, id, default=None,context=None):
+    def copy_data(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({'state':'draft', 'move_ids':[],'invoiced':0,'invoice_lines':[]})
         return super(purchase_order_line, self).copy_data(cr, uid, id, default, context)
 
@@ -729,6 +735,8 @@ class purchase_order_line(osv.osv):
         return res
 
     def action_confirm(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'confirmed'}, context=context)
         return True
 
@@ -744,6 +752,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         """ This is action which call from workflow to assign purchase order to procurements
         @return: True
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = self.make_po(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         res = res.values()
         return len(res) and res[0] or 0 #TO CHECK: why workflow is generated error if return not integer value
@@ -753,6 +763,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         @return: New created Purchase Orders procurement wise
         """
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         company = self.pool.get('res.users').browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).company_id
         partner_obj = self.pool.get('res.partner')
         uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
@@ -760,7 +772,7 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         prod_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
         acc_pos_obj = self.pool.get('account.fiscal.position')
         po_obj = self.pool.get('purchase.order')
-        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res_id = procurement.move_id.id
             partner = procurement.product_id.seller_id # Taken Main Supplier of Product of Procurement.
             seller_qty = procurement.product_id.seller_qty
diff --git a/addons/purchase/stock.py b/addons/purchase/stock.py
index ea9cacd7979..ca53b3df762 100644
--- a/addons/purchase/stock.py
+++ b/addons/purchase/stock.py
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         on the purchase order in case the valuation data was not directly specified during picking
         confirmation.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         reference_amount, reference_currency_id = super(stock_move, self)._get_reference_accounting_values_for_valuation(cr, uid, move, context=context)
         if move.product_id.cost_method != 'average' or not move.price_unit:
             # no average price costing or cost not specified during picking validation, we will 
@@ -118,9 +120,11 @@ class stock_partial_picking(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: A dictionary which of fields with values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         res = super(stock_partial_picking, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
-        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             has_product_cost = (pick.type == 'in' and pick.purchase_id)
             for m in pick.move_lines:
                 if has_product_cost and m.product_id.cost_method == 'average' and m.purchase_line_id:
@@ -142,9 +146,11 @@ class stock_partial_move(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: A dictionary which of fields with values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_partial_move, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
-        for m in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for m in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             if m.picking_id.type == 'in' and m.product_id.cost_method == 'average' \
                 and m.purchase_line_id and m.picking_id.purchase_id:
                     # We use the original PO unit purchase price as the basis for the cost, expressed
diff --git a/addons/purchase/wizard/purchase_order_group.py b/addons/purchase/wizard/purchase_order_group.py
index 10bf55570cc..ce631ec3e8b 100644
--- a/addons/purchase/wizard/purchase_order_group.py
+++ b/addons/purchase/wizard/purchase_order_group.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class purchase_order_group(osv.osv_memory):
             raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning'),
             _('Please select multiple order to merge in the list view.'))
         return res
-    def merge_orders(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def merge_orders(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
              To merge similar type of purchase orders.
 
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ class purchase_order_group(osv.osv_memory):
         """
         order_obj = self.pool.get('purchase.order')
         mod_obj =self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         result = mod_obj._get_id(cr, uid, 'purchase', 'view_purchase_order_filter')
         id = mod_obj.read(cr, uid, result, ['res_id'])
 
diff --git a/addons/purchase_requisition/purchase_requisition.py b/addons/purchase_requisition/purchase_requisition.py
index 206a14beab2..881e4819fcb 100644
--- a/addons/purchase_requisition/purchase_requisition.py
+++ b/addons/purchase_requisition/purchase_requisition.py
@@ -52,9 +52,11 @@ class purchase_requisition(osv.osv):
         'name': lambda obj, cr, uid, context: obj.pool.get('ir.sequence').get(cr, uid, 'purchase.order.requisition'),
     }
 
-    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None,context={}):
+    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if not default:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         default.update({
             'state':'draft',
             'purchase_ids':[],
@@ -63,7 +65,9 @@ class purchase_requisition(osv.osv):
         return super(purchase_requisition, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context)
     def tender_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         purchase_order_obj = self.pool.get('purchase.order')
-        for purchase in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for purchase in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for purchase_id in purchase.purchase_ids:
                 if str(purchase_id.state) in('draft','wait'):
                     purchase_order_obj.action_cancel(cr,uid,[purchase_id.id])
@@ -71,14 +75,20 @@ class purchase_requisition(osv.osv):
         return True
 
     def tender_in_progress(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state':'in_progress'} ,context=context)
         return True
 
     def tender_reset(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'draft'})
         return True
 
     def tender_done(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state':'done', 'date_end':time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}, context=context)
         return True
 
@@ -106,8 +116,10 @@ class purchase_requisition_line(osv.osv):
         @return:  Dictionary of changed values
         """
         value = {'product_uom_id': ''}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if product_id:
-            prod = self.pool.get('product.product').browse(cr, uid, [product_id])[0]
+            prod = self.pool.get('product.product').browse(cr, uid, [product_id], context=context)[0]
             value = {'product_uom_id': prod.uom_id.id,'product_qty':1.0}
         return {'value': value}
 
@@ -121,10 +133,12 @@ class purchase_order(osv.osv):
     _columns = {
         'requisition_id' : fields.many2one('purchase.requisition','Purchase Requisition')
     }
-    def wkf_confirm_order(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
-        res = super(purchase_order, self).wkf_confirm_order(cr, uid, ids, context)
+    def wkf_confirm_order(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        res = super(purchase_order, self).wkf_confirm_order(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         proc_obj=self.pool.get('procurement.order')
-        for po in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        for po in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if po.requisition_id and (po.requisition_id.exclusive=='exclusive'):
                 for order in po.requisition_id.purchase_ids:
                     if order.id<>po.id:
@@ -158,9 +172,11 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
     }
     def make_po(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         sequence_obj = self.pool.get('ir.sequence')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(procurement_order, self).make_po(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         for proc_id, po_id in res.items():
-            procurement = self.browse(cr, uid, proc_id)
+            procurement = self.browse(cr, uid, proc_id, context=context)
             requisition_id=False
             if procurement.product_id.purchase_requisition:
                 requisition_id=self.pool.get('purchase.requisition').create(cr, uid, {
diff --git a/addons/purchase_requisition/wizard/purchase_requisition_partner.py b/addons/purchase_requisition/wizard/purchase_requisition_partner.py
index ad2478cb7a5..33cac7891a7 100644
--- a/addons/purchase_requisition/wizard/purchase_requisition_partner.py
+++ b/addons/purchase_requisition/wizard/purchase_requisition_partner.py
@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@ class purchase_requisition_partner(osv.osv_memory):
     }
 
     def view_init(self, cr, uid, fields_list, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(purchase_requisition_partner, self).view_init(cr, uid, fields_list, context=context)
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
-        tender = self.pool.get('purchase.requisition').browse(cr, uid, record_id)
+        tender = self.pool.get('purchase.requisition').browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)
         if not tender.line_ids:
             raise osv.except_osv('Error!','No Product in Tender')
         True
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ class purchase_requisition_partner(osv.osv_memory):
         part = self.pool.get('res.partner').browse(cr, uid, partner_id)
         return {'value':{'partner_address_id': addr['default']}}
 
-    def create_order(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def create_order(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
              To Create a purchase orders .
 
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ class purchase_requisition_partner(osv.osv_memory):
              @return: {}
 
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         record_ids = context and context.get('active_ids', False)
         if record_ids:
             data =  self.read(cr, uid, ids)
@@ -74,12 +78,12 @@ class purchase_requisition_partner(osv.osv_memory):
             acc_pos_obj = self.pool.get('account.fiscal.position')
             partner_id = data[0]['partner_id']
 
-            supplier_data = partner_obj.browse(cr, uid,[ partner_id])[0]
+            supplier_data = partner_obj.browse(cr, uid,[ partner_id], context=context)[0]
 
             address_id = partner_obj.address_get(cr, uid, [partner_id], ['delivery'])['delivery']
             list_line=[]
             purchase_order_line={}
-            for tender in tender_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_ids):
+            for tender in tender_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_ids, context=context):
                 for line in tender.line_ids:
                     partner_list = sorted([(partner.sequence, partner) for partner in  line.product_id.seller_ids if partner])
                     partner_rec = partner_list and partner_list[0] and partner_list[0][1] or False
diff --git a/addons/report_webkit/ir_report.py b/addons/report_webkit/ir_report.py
index b3155b25430..cffd3d89659 100644
--- a/addons/report_webkit/ir_report.py
+++ b/addons/report_webkit/ir_report.py
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ class ReportXML(osv.osv):
 
     def unlink(self, cursor, user, ids, context=None):
         """Delete report and unregister it"""
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         trans_obj = self.pool.get('ir.translation')
         trans_ids = trans_obj.search(
             cursor,
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ class ReportXML(osv.osv):
 
     def create(self, cursor, user, vals, context=None):
         "Create report and register it"
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(ReportXML, self).create(cursor, user, vals, context)
         if vals.get('report_type','') == 'webkit':
             # I really look forward to virtual functions :S
@@ -95,6 +99,8 @@ class ReportXML(osv.osv):
         "Edit report and manage it registration"
         if isinstance(ids, (int, long)):
             ids = [ids,]
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for rep in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if rep.report_type != 'webkit':
                 continue
diff --git a/addons/report_webkit/webkit_report.py b/addons/report_webkit/webkit_report.py
index c95a9ce5e2e..48b0fb4b26b 100644
--- a/addons/report_webkit/webkit_report.py
+++ b/addons/report_webkit/webkit_report.py
@@ -320,6 +320,8 @@ class WebKitParser(report_sxw):
     def create(self, cursor, uid, ids, data, context=None):
         """We override the create function in order to handle generator
            Code taken from report openoffice. Thanks guys :) """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pool = pooler.get_pool(cursor.dbname)
         ir_obj = pool.get('ir.actions.report.xml')
         report_xml_ids = ir_obj.search(cursor, uid,
diff --git a/addons/resource/resource.py b/addons/resource/resource.py
index 5401c052dce..0e8ebc692bf 100644
--- a/addons/resource/resource.py
+++ b/addons/resource/resource.py
@@ -242,6 +242,8 @@ class resource_resource(osv.osv):
     def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
         if default is None:
             default = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if not default.get('name', False):
             default['name'] = self.browse(cr, uid, id, context=context).name + _(' (copy)')
         return super(resource_resource, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context)
@@ -364,7 +366,9 @@ class resource_calendar_leaves(osv.osv):
         'resource_id' : fields.many2one("resource.resource", "Resource", help="If empty, this is a generic holiday for the company. If a resource is set, the holiday/leave is only for this resource"),
     }
 
-    def check_dates(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def check_dates(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+         if not context:
+            context = {}
          leave = self.read(cr, uid, ids[0], ['date_from', 'date_to'])
          if leave['date_from'] and leave['date_to']:
              if leave['date_from'] > leave['date_to']:
@@ -377,9 +381,11 @@ class resource_calendar_leaves(osv.osv):
 
     def onchange_resource(self,cr, uid, ids, resource, context=None):
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if resource:
             resource_pool = self.pool.get('resource.resource')
-            result['calendar_id'] = resource_pool.browse(cr, uid, resource).calendar_id.id
+            result['calendar_id'] = resource_pool.browse(cr, uid, resource, context=context).calendar_id.id
             return {'value': result}
         return {'value': {'calendar_id': []}}
 
diff --git a/addons/sale/product.py b/addons/sale/product.py
index cf86f49f583..aa64f6bbc13 100644
--- a/addons/sale/product.py
+++ b/addons/sale/product.py
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
             pricelist_ids = pricelist_obj.search(cr, uid, [('type', '=', 'purchase')])
         else:
             pricelist_ids = pricelist_obj.search(cr, uid, [('type', '=', 'sale')])
-        pricelist_browse = pricelist_obj.browse(cr, uid, pricelist_ids)
-        for product in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        pricelist_browse = pricelist_obj.browse(cr, uid, pricelist_ids, context=context)
+        for product in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             result[product.id] = ""
             for pricelist in pricelist_browse:
                 for version in pricelist.version_id:
diff --git a/addons/sale/stock.py b/addons/sale/stock.py
index f9e0c38494b..90e01a8dc50 100644
--- a/addons/sale/stock.py
+++ b/addons/sale/stock.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
     }
 
     def _create_chained_picking(self, cr, uid, pick_name, picking, ptype, move, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_move, self)._create_chained_picking(cr, uid, pick_name, picking, ptype, move, context=context)
         if picking.sale_id:
             self.pool.get('stock.picking').write(cr, uid, [res], {'sale_id': picking.sale_id.id})
@@ -181,9 +183,11 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
                     })
         return result
 
-    def action_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def action_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_picking, self).action_cancel(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
-        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             call_ship_end = True
             if pick.sale_id:
                 for picks in pick.sale_id.picking_ids:
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
                         call_ship_end = False
                         break
                 if call_ship_end:
-                    self.pool.get('sale.order').action_ship_end(cr, uid, [pick.sale_id.id], context)
+                    self.pool.get('sale.order').action_ship_end(cr, uid, [pick.sale_id.id], context=context)
         return res
 
 stock_picking()
diff --git a/addons/sale/wizard/sale_line_invoice.py b/addons/sale/wizard/sale_line_invoice.py
index 0b6a5219b0c..b17b12c1e8f 100644
--- a/addons/sale/wizard/sale_line_invoice.py
+++ b/addons/sale/wizard/sale_line_invoice.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import netsvc
 class sale_order_line_make_invoice(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "sale.order.line.make.invoice"
     _description = "Sale OrderLine Make_invoice"
-    def make_invoices(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def make_invoices(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
              To make invoices.
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class sale_order_line_make_invoice(osv.osv_memory):
         sales_order_line_obj = self.pool.get('sale.order.line')
         sales_order_obj = self.pool.get('sale.order')
         wf_service = netsvc.LocalService('workflow')
-        for line in sales_order_line_obj.browse(cr, uid, context['active_ids']):
+        for line in sales_order_line_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             if (not line.invoiced) and (line.state not in ('draft', 'cancel')):
                 if not line.order_id.id in invoices:
                     invoices[line.order_id.id] = []
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class sale_order_line_make_invoice(osv.osv_memory):
                     (order_id,invoice_id) values (%s,%s)', (order.id, res))
 
             flag = True
-            data_sale = sales_order_obj.browse(cr, uid, line.order_id.id)
+            data_sale = sales_order_obj.browse(cr, uid, line.order_id.id, context=context)
             for line in data_sale.order_line:
                 if not line.invoiced:
                     flag = False
diff --git a/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice.py b/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice.py
index 7dd9ddac8d1..7527499859d 100644
--- a/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice.py
+++ b/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice.py
@@ -37,22 +37,24 @@ class sale_make_invoice(osv.osv_memory):
         if context is None:
             context = {}
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False)     
-        order = self.pool.get('sale.order').browse(cr, uid, record_id)
+        order = self.pool.get('sale.order').browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)
         if order.state == 'draft':
             raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning !'),'You can not create invoice when sale order is not confirmed.')
         return False
     
-    def make_invoices(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def make_invoices(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         order_obj = self.pool.get('sale.order')
         mod_obj = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
         newinv = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = self.read(cr, uid, ids)[0]
         order_obj.action_invoice_create(cr, uid, context.get(('active_ids'), []), data['grouped'], date_inv = data['invoice_date'])
         wf_service = netsvc.LocalService("workflow")
         for id in context.get(('active_ids'), []):
             wf_service.trg_validate(uid, 'sale.order', id, 'manual_invoice', cr)
             
-        for o in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get(('active_ids'), []), context):
+        for o in order_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get(('active_ids'), []), context=context):
             for i in o.invoice_ids:
                 newinv.append(i.id)
         
diff --git a/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice_advance.py b/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice_advance.py
index 8623ba0b879..3d4c801379e 100644
--- a/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice_advance.py
+++ b/addons/sale/wizard/sale_make_invoice_advance.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class sale_advance_payment_inv(osv.osv_memory):
         'qtty': 1.0
     }
 
-    def create_invoices(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def create_invoices(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
              To create invoices.
 
@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ class sale_advance_payment_inv(osv.osv_memory):
         obj_sale = self.pool.get('sale.order')
         obj_lines = self.pool.get('account.invoice.line')
         inv_obj = self.pool.get('account.invoice')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
-        for sale_adv_obj in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
-            for sale in obj_sale.browse(cr, uid, context['active_ids']):
+        for sale_adv_obj in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
+            for sale in obj_sale.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
                 create_ids = []
                 ids_inv = []
                 if sale.order_policy == 'postpaid':
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ class sale_open_invoice(osv.osv_memory):
         if context is None:
             context = {}
         mod_obj = self.pool.get('ir.model.data')
-        for advance_pay in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for advance_pay in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             form_res = mod_obj.get_object_reference(cr, uid, 'account', 'invoice_form')
             form_id = form_res and form_res[1] or False
             tree_res = mod_obj.get_object_reference(cr, uid, 'account', 'invoice_tree')
diff --git a/addons/sale_layout/sale_layout.py b/addons/sale_layout/sale_layout.py
index 90192615f1a..fc6ca6be1a6 100755
--- a/addons/sale_layout/sale_layout.py
+++ b/addons/sale_layout/sale_layout.py
@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ class sale_order_line(osv.osv):
                 return super(sale_order_line, self)._amount_line(cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context)
         return res
     
-    def invoice_line_create(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def invoice_line_create(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         new_ids = []
         list_seq = []
-        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if line.layout_type == 'article':
                 new_ids.append(line.id)
                 list_seq.append(line.sequence)
@@ -78,6 +80,8 @@ class sale_order_line(osv.osv):
         return {}
 
     def create(self, cr, user, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if vals.has_key('layout_type'):
             if vals['layout_type'] == 'line':
                 vals['name'] = ' '
@@ -88,6 +92,8 @@ class sale_order_line(osv.osv):
         return super(sale_order_line, self).create(cr, user, vals, context)
 
     def write(self, cr, user, ids, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if vals.has_key('layout_type'):
             if vals['layout_type'] == 'line':
                 vals['name'] = ' '
@@ -96,9 +102,11 @@ class sale_order_line(osv.osv):
         return super(sale_order_line, self).write(cr, user, ids, vals, context)
 
     def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if default is None:
             default = {}
-        default['layout_type'] = self.browse(cr, uid, id).layout_type
+        default['layout_type'] = self.browse(cr, uid, id, context=context).layout_type
         return super(sale_order_line, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context)
 
     _order = "order_id, sequence asc"
diff --git a/addons/sale_margin/sale_margin.py b/addons/sale_margin/sale_margin.py
index 2f756d5ecda..527c388ec26 100644
--- a/addons/sale_margin/sale_margin.py
+++ b/addons/sale_margin/sale_margin.py
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ class sale_order_line(osv.osv):
 
     def _product_margin(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
-        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res[line.id] = 0
             if line.product_id:
                 if line.purchase_price:
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ class sale_order(osv.osv):
 
     def _product_margin(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for sale in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             result[sale.id] = 0.0
             for line in sale.order_line:
@@ -94,13 +98,17 @@ class account_invoice_line(osv.osv):
     _columns = {
         'cost_price': fields.float('Cost Price', digits=(16, 2)),
     }
-    def write(self, cr, uid, ids, vals, context={}):
+    def write(self, cr, uid, ids, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if vals.get('product_id', False):
             res = self.pool.get('product.product').read(cr, uid, [vals['product_id']], ['standard_price'])
             vals['cost_price'] = res[0]['standard_price']
         return super(account_invoice_line, self).write(cr, uid, ids, vals, context)
 
-    def create(self, cr, uid, vals, context={}):
+    def create(self, cr, uid, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if vals.get('product_id',False):
             res = self.pool.get('product.product').read(cr, uid, [vals['product_id']], ['standard_price'])
             vals['cost_price'] = res[0]['standard_price']
diff --git a/addons/sale_order_dates/sale_order_dates.py b/addons/sale_order_dates/sale_order_dates.py
index 2877ba0967d..a13186a8469 100644
--- a/addons/sale_order_dates/sale_order_dates.py
+++ b/addons/sale_order_dates/sale_order_dates.py
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ class sale_order_dates(osv.osv):
     def _get_effective_date(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
         dates_list = []
-        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             dates_list = []
             for pick in order.picking_ids:
                 dates_list.append(pick.date)
@@ -43,7 +45,9 @@ class sale_order_dates(osv.osv):
     def _get_commitment_date(self, cr, uid, ids, name, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
         dates_list = []
-        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for order in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             dates_list = []
             for line in order.order_line:
                 dt = datetime.strptime(order.date_order, '%Y-%m-%d') + relativedelta(days=line.delay or 0.0)
diff --git a/addons/stock/product.py b/addons/stock/product.py
index ddb582f4a3c..df47ca29d16 100644
--- a/addons/stock/product.py
+++ b/addons/stock/product.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
             'property_stock_variation': account_variation
         }
 
-    def do_change_standard_price(self, cr, uid, ids, datas, context={}):
+    def do_change_standard_price(self, cr, uid, ids, datas, context=None):
         """ Changes the Standard Price of Product and creates an account move accordingly.
         @param datas : dict. contain default datas like new_price, stock_output_account, stock_input_account, stock_journal
         @param context: A standard dictionary
@@ -63,19 +63,21 @@ class product_product(osv.osv):
         location_obj = self.pool.get('stock.location')
         move_obj = self.pool.get('account.move')
         move_line_obj = self.pool.get('account.move.line')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         new_price = datas.get('new_price', 0.0)
         stock_output_acc = datas.get('stock_output_account', False)
         stock_input_acc = datas.get('stock_input_account', False)
         journal_id = datas.get('stock_journal', False)
-        product_obj=self.browse(cr,uid,ids)[0]
+        product_obj=self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)[0]
         account_variation = product_obj.categ_id.property_stock_variation
         account_variation_id = account_variation and account_variation.id or False
         if not account_variation_id: raise osv.except_osv(_('Error!'), _('Variation Account is not specified for Product Category: %s' % (product_obj.categ_id.name)))
         move_ids = []
         loc_ids = location_obj.search(cr, uid,[('usage','=','internal')])
         for rec_id in ids:
-            for location in location_obj.browse(cr, uid, loc_ids):
+            for location in location_obj.browse(cr, uid, loc_ids, context=context):
                 c = context.copy()
                 c.update({
                     'location': location.id,
diff --git a/addons/stock/stock.py b/addons/stock/stock.py
index 5c6ef0bb3e7..fd12bc133de 100644
--- a/addons/stock/stock.py
+++ b/addons/stock/stock.py
@@ -534,7 +534,9 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
             return False
         if isinstance(ids, (int, long)):
             ids = [ids]
-        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             sql_str = """update stock_move set
                     date='%s'
                 where
@@ -556,6 +558,8 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
             return False
         if isinstance(ids, (int, long)):
             ids = [ids]
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             sql_str = """update stock_move set
                     date='%s'
@@ -591,6 +595,8 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         return res
 
     def create(self, cr, user, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if ('name' not in vals) or (vals.get('name')=='/'):
             seq_obj_name =  'stock.picking.' + vals['type']
             vals['name'] = self.pool.get('ir.sequence').get(cr, user, seq_obj_name)
@@ -649,7 +655,9 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         'date': time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
         'company_id': lambda self, cr, uid, c: self.pool.get('res.company')._company_default_get(cr, uid, 'stock.picking', context=c)
     }
-    def action_process(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def action_process(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return {
             'name':_("Products to Process"),
             'view_mode': 'form',
@@ -670,7 +678,9 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         if default is None:
             default = {}
         default = default.copy()
-        picking_obj = self.browse(cr, uid, [id], context)[0]
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        picking_obj = self.browse(cr, uid, [id], context=context)[0]
         move_obj=self.pool.get('stock.move')
         if ('name' not in default) or (picking_obj.name=='/'):
             seq_obj_name =  'stock.picking.' + picking_obj.type
@@ -696,6 +706,8 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         """
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'confirmed'})
         todo = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for picking in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for r in picking.move_lines:
                 if r.state == 'draft':
@@ -754,7 +766,7 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
             context = {}
         wf_service = netsvc.LocalService("workflow")
         self.draft_force_assign(cr, uid, ids)
-        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             move_ids = [x.id for x in pick.move_lines]
             self.pool.get('stock.move').force_assign(cr, uid, move_ids)
             wf_service.trg_write(uid, 'stock.picking', pick.id, cr)
@@ -784,6 +796,8 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         """ Changes picking state to assigned.
         @return: True
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'assigned'})
         self.log_picking(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         return True
@@ -820,7 +834,9 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         """ Changes picking state to cancel.
         @return: True
         """
-        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             ids2 = [move.id for move in pick.move_lines]
             self.pool.get('stock.move').action_cancel(cr, uid, ids2, context)
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'cancel', 'invoice_state': 'none'})
@@ -1068,6 +1084,8 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         @return: True or False
         """
         ok = False
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if not pick.move_lines:
                 return True
@@ -1082,13 +1100,17 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         """ Test whether the move lines are canceled or not.
         @return: True or False
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for move in pick.move_lines:
                 if move.state not in ('cancel',):
                     return False
         return True
    
-    def allow_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def allow_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if not pick.move_lines:
                 return True
@@ -1262,6 +1284,8 @@ class stock_picking(osv.osv):
         @param ids: List of Picking Ids
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for pick in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             msg=''
             if pick.auto_picking:
@@ -1311,6 +1335,8 @@ class stock_production_lot(osv.osv):
         """ Gets stock of products for locations
         @return: Dictionary of values
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if 'location_id' not in context:
             locations = self.pool.get('stock.location').search(cr, uid, [('usage', '=', 'internal')], context=context)
         else:
@@ -1336,6 +1362,8 @@ class stock_production_lot(osv.osv):
         """ Searches Ids of products
         @return: Ids of locations
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         locations = self.pool.get('stock.location').search(cr, uid, [('usage', '=', 'internal')])
         cr.execute('''select
                 prodlot_id,
@@ -1370,7 +1398,7 @@ class stock_production_lot(osv.osv):
     _sql_constraints = [
         ('name_ref_uniq', 'unique (name, ref)', _('The combination of serial number and internal reference must be unique !')),
     ]
-    def action_traceability(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def action_traceability(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ It traces the information of a product
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -1379,6 +1407,8 @@ class stock_production_lot(osv.osv):
         @param context: A standard dictionary 
         @return: A dictionary of values
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         value=self.pool.get('action.traceability').action_traceability(cr,uid,ids,context)
         return value
 stock_production_lot()
@@ -1425,7 +1455,9 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
 
     def name_get(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         res = []
-        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for line in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res.append((line.id, (line.product_id.code or '/')+': '+line.location_id.name+' > '+line.location_dest_id.name))
         return res
 
@@ -1507,6 +1539,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         """ Gets default address of partner for destination location
         @return: Address id or False
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if context.get('move_line', []):
             if context['move_line'][0]:
                 if isinstance(context['move_line'][0], (tuple, list)):
@@ -1523,6 +1557,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         """ Gets default address of partner for source location
         @return: Address id or False
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if context.get('move_line', []):
             try:
                 return context['move_line'][0][2]['location_id']
@@ -1545,9 +1581,11 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
     }
 
     def write(self, cr, uid, ids, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if uid != 1:
             frozen_fields = set(['product_qty', 'product_uom', 'product_uos_qty', 'product_uos', 'location_id', 'location_dest_id', 'product_id'])
-            for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+            for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
                 if move.state == 'done':
                     if frozen_fields.intersection(vals):
                         raise osv.except_osv(_('Operation forbidden'),
@@ -1558,9 +1596,13 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         if default is None:
             default = {}
         default = default.copy()
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return super(stock_move, self).copy(cr, uid, id, default, context=context)
 
     def _auto_init(self, cursor, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_move, self)._auto_init(cursor, context=context)
         cursor.execute('SELECT indexname \
                 FROM pg_indexes \
@@ -1659,6 +1701,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         @return: Dictionary containing destination location with chained location type.
         """
         result = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for m in moves:
             dest = self.pool.get('stock.location').chained_location_get(
                 cr,
@@ -1691,6 +1735,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
     def _create_chained_picking(self, cr, uid, pick_name,picking,ptype,move, context=None):
         res_obj = self.pool.get('res.company')
         picking_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         pick_id= picking_obj.create(cr, uid, {
                                 'name': pick_name,
                                 'origin': str(picking.origin or ''),
@@ -1709,7 +1755,9 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         """ Confirms stock move.
         @return: List of ids.
         """
-        moves = self.browse(cr, uid, ids)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        moves = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'confirmed'})
         res_obj = self.pool.get('res.company')
         location_obj = self.pool.get('stock.location')
@@ -1762,17 +1810,21 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         res = self.check_assign(cr, uid, todo)
         return res
 
-    def force_assign(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def force_assign(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Changes the state to assigned.
         @return: True
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'assigned'})
         return True
 
-    def cancel_assign(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def cancel_assign(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Changes the state to confirmed.
         @return: True
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'confirmed'})
         return True
 
@@ -1875,6 +1927,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         :param context: context dictionary that can explicitly mention the company to consider via the 'force_company' key
         :raise: osv.except_osv() is any mandatory account or journal is not defined.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         product_obj=self.pool.get('product.product')
         accounts = product_obj.get_product_accounts(cr, uid, move.product_id.id, context)
         acc_src = accounts['stock_account_input']
@@ -1980,13 +2034,13 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
             context = {}
 
         todo = []
-        for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if move.state=="draft":
                 todo.append(move.id)
         if todo:
             self.action_confirm(cr, uid, todo, context=context)
 
-        for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if move.picking_id:
                 picking_ids.append(move.picking_id.id)
             if move.move_dest_id.id and (move.state != 'done'):
@@ -2096,6 +2150,8 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
         if quantity <= 0:
             raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning!'), _('Please provide a positive quantity to scrap!'))
         res = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for move in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             move_qty = move.product_qty
             uos_qty = quantity / move_qty * move.product_uos_qty
@@ -2405,7 +2461,7 @@ class stock_inventory(osv.osv):
         product_context = dict(context, compute_child=False)
 
         location_obj = self.pool.get('stock.location')
-        for inv in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for inv in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             move_ids = []
             for line in inv.inventory_line_id:
                 pid = line.product_id.id
@@ -2451,7 +2507,9 @@ class stock_inventory(osv.osv):
         """ Cancels the stock move and change inventory state to draft.
         @return: True
         """
-        for inv in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for inv in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             self.pool.get('stock.move').action_cancel(cr, uid, [x.id for x in inv.move_ids], context)
             self.write(cr, uid, [inv.id], {'state': 'draft'})
         return True
@@ -2460,7 +2518,9 @@ class stock_inventory(osv.osv):
         """ Cancels both stock move and inventory
         @return: True
         """
-        for inv in self.browse(cr,uid,ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for inv in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             self.pool.get('stock.move').action_cancel(cr, uid, [x.id for x in inv.move_ids], context)
             self.write(cr, uid, [inv.id], {'state':'cancel'})
         return True
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_change_standard_price.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_change_standard_price.py
index ecbaef57a36..1910dd75410 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_change_standard_price.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_change_standard_price.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class change_standard_price(osv.osv_memory):
         'enable_stock_in_out_acc':fields.boolean('Enable Related Account',),
     }
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
         """ To get default values for the object.
          @param self: The object pointer.
          @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ class change_standard_price(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary
          @return: A dictionary which of fields with values.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         product_pool = self.pool.get('product.product')
         product_obj = product_pool.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_id', False))
         res = super(change_standard_price, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ class change_standard_price(osv.osv_memory):
 
         return res
 
-    def onchange_price(self, cr, uid, ids, new_price, context = {}):
+    def onchange_price(self, cr, uid, ids, new_price, context=None):
         """ Sets stock input and output account according to the difference
             of old price and new price.
         @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -78,7 +80,9 @@ class change_standard_price(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: Dictionary of values
         """
-        product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product').browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_id', False))
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product').browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_id', False), context=context)
         price = product_obj.standard_price
         diff = price - new_price
         if diff > 0 :
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ class change_standard_price(osv.osv_memory):
         else :
             return {'value' : {'enable_stock_in_out_acc':False}}
 
-    def change_price(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def change_price(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Changes the Standard Price of Product.
             And creates an account move accordingly.
         @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -96,10 +100,12 @@ class change_standard_price(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return:
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         rec_id = context and context.get('active_id', False)
         assert rec_id, _('Active ID is not set in Context')
         prod_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
-        res = self.browse(cr, uid, ids)
+        res = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         datas = {
             'new_price' : res[0].new_price,
             'stock_output_account' : res[0].stock_account_output.id,
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_fill_inventory.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_fill_inventory.py
index 599377fec1e..c0d3f24281d 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_fill_inventory.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_fill_inventory.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class stock_fill_inventory(osv.osv_memory):
             ids = ids[0]
         else:
              return {}    
-        fill_inventory = self.browse(cr, uid, ids)
+        fill_inventory = self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context)
         res = {}
         res_location = {}
         if fill_inventory.recursive :
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class stock_fill_inventory(osv.osv_memory):
         for location in res_location.keys():
             res = res_location[location]
             for product_id in res.keys():
-                prod = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, [product_id])[0]
+                prod = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, [product_id], context=context)[0]
                 uom = prod.uom_id.id
                 context.update(uom=uom, compute_child=False)
                 amount = stock_location_obj._product_get(cr, uid,
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_line_split.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_line_split.py
index 86a42d6da04..13804542d66 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_line_split.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_line_split.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class stock_inventory_line_split(osv.osv_memory):
     _description = "Split inventory lines"
 
     
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
         """ To check the availability of production lot. 
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@ class stock_inventory_line_split(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary 
         @return: A dictionary which of fields with values. 
         """        
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id',False)
         res = {}
-        line = self.pool.get('stock.inventory.line').browse(cr, uid, record_id)        
+        line = self.pool.get('stock.inventory.line').browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)        
         if 'product_id' in fields:
             res.update({'product_id':line.product_id.id})
         if 'product_uom' in fields:
@@ -64,8 +66,10 @@ class stock_inventory_line_split(osv.osv_memory):
         ir_sequence_obj = self.pool.get('ir.sequence')
         line_obj = self.pool.get('stock.inventory.line')
         new_line = []        
-        for data in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
-            for inv_line in line_obj.browse(cr, uid, line_ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for data in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
+            for inv_line in line_obj.browse(cr, uid, line_ids, context=context):
                 line_qty = inv_line.product_qty
                 quantity_rest = inv_line.product_qty                
                 new_line = []   
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_merge.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_merge.py
index cbb9f380cb1..02e4d73580e 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_merge.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_inventory_merge.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class stock_inventory_merge(osv.osv_memory):
             _('Please select multiple physical inventories to merge in the list view.'))
         return res    
         
-    def do_merge(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def do_merge(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ To merge selected Inventories.
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ class stock_inventory_merge(osv.osv_memory):
         invent_obj = self.pool.get('stock.inventory')
         invent_line_obj = self.pool.get('stock.inventory.line')
         invent_lines = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for inventory in invent_obj.browse(cr, uid, context['active_ids'], context=context):
             if inventory.state == "done":
                 raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning'),
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_invoice_onshipping.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_invoice_onshipping.py
index 37d3634a988..85426dd5845 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_invoice_onshipping.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_invoice_onshipping.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class stock_invoice_onshipping(osv.osv_memory):
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         count = 0
         active_ids = context.get('active_ids',[])
-        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_ids):
+        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, active_ids, context=context):
             if pick.invoice_state != '2binvoiced':
                 count += 1
         if len(active_ids) == 1 and count:
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_location_product.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_location_product.py
index 9fe800bb0fe..5ac4aa0f944 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_location_product.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_location_product.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class stock_location_product(osv.osv_memory):
         'to_date': fields.datetime('To'), 
     }
 
-    def action_open_window(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_open_window(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ To open location wise product information specific to given duration
          @param self: The object pointer.
          @param cr: A database cursor
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_move.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_move.py
index 08df30e7ea8..910164af3bd 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_move.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_move.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class stock_move_track(osv.osv_memory):
         'quantity': lambda *x: 1
     }
 
-    def track_lines(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def track_lines(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ To track stock moves lines
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ class stock_move_consume(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: default values of fields
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_move_consume, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         move = self.pool.get('stock.move').browse(cr, uid, context['active_id'], context=context)
         if 'product_id' in fields:
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ class stock_move_consume(osv.osv_memory):
 
         return res
 
-    def do_move_consume(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def do_move_consume(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ To move consumed products
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ class stock_move_consume(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return:
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         move_ids = context['active_ids']
         for data in self.read(cr, uid, ids):
@@ -121,6 +125,8 @@ class stock_move_scrap(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: default values of fields
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_move_consume, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         move = self.pool.get('stock.move').browse(cr, uid, context['active_id'], context=context)
         location_obj = self.pool.get('stock.location')
@@ -140,7 +146,7 @@ class stock_move_scrap(osv.osv_memory):
 
         return res
 
-    def move_scrap(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def move_scrap(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ To move scrapped products
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -149,6 +155,8 @@ class stock_move_scrap(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return:
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         move_ids = context['active_ids']
         for data in self.read(cr, uid, ids):
@@ -173,6 +181,8 @@ class split_in_production_lot(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: Default values of fields
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         res = super(split_in_production_lot, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         if context.get('active_id'):
@@ -205,6 +215,8 @@ class split_in_production_lot(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return:
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.split(cr, uid, ids, context.get('active_ids'), context=context)
         return {}
 
@@ -221,8 +233,10 @@ class split_in_production_lot(osv.osv_memory):
         prodlot_obj = self.pool.get('stock.production.lot')
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         new_move = []
-        for data in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
-            for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, move_ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for data in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
+            for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, move_ids, context=context):
                 move_qty = move.product_qty
                 quantity_rest = move.product_qty
                 uos_qty_rest = move.product_uos_qty
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_move.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_move.py
index ba39f172f22..5df0de48ddf 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_move.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_move.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class stock_partial_move(osv.osv_memory):
     
         if not context:
             context = {}
-        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             if move.state in ('done', 'cancel'):
                 raise osv.except_osv(_('Invalid action !'), _('Cannot deliver products which are already delivered !'))
             
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class stock_partial_move(osv.osv_memory):
             context = {}
                
         res = []
-        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             if move.state in ('done', 'cancel'):
                 continue           
             res.append(self.__create_partial_move_memory(move))
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class stock_partial_move(osv.osv_memory):
         result['fields'] = _moves_fields
         return result
    
-    def do_partial(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def do_partial(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Makes partial moves and pickings done.
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -151,11 +151,12 @@ class stock_partial_move(osv.osv_memory):
         @return: A dictionary which of fields with values.
         """
     
-
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         
         move_ids = context.get('active_ids', False)
-        partial = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0], context)
+        partial = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0], context=context)
         partial_datas = {
             'delivery_date' : partial.date
         }
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ class stock_partial_move(osv.osv_memory):
             p_moves[product_move.move_id.id] = product_move
             
         moves_ids_final = []
-        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, move_ids):
+        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, move_ids, context=context):
             if move.state in ('done', 'cancel'):
                 continue
             if not p_moves.get(move.id, False):
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_picking.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_picking.py
index 6b3b130b0dc..a7d444f95b2 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_picking.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_partial_picking.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class stock_partial_picking(osv.osv_memory):
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         if not context:
             context={}
-        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             need_product_cost = (pick.type == 'in')
             for m in pick.move_lines:
                 if m.state in ('done', 'cancel'):
@@ -157,14 +157,15 @@ class stock_partial_picking(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return: A dictionary which of fields with values.
         """
-
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_partial_picking, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         if not context:
             context={}
         if 'date' in fields:
             res.update({'date': time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')})
-        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             need_product_cost = (pick.type == 'in')
             for m in pick.move_lines:
                 if m.state in ('done', 'cancel'):
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ class stock_partial_picking(osv.osv_memory):
                         res['move%s_product_currency'%(m.id)] = currency
         return res
 
-    def do_partial(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def do_partial(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Makes partial moves and pickings done.
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -199,11 +200,11 @@ class stock_partial_picking(osv.osv_memory):
         """
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         picking_ids = context.get('active_ids', False)
-        partial = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0], context)
+        partial = self.browse(cr, uid, ids[0], context=context)
         partial_datas = {
             'delivery_date' : partial.date
         }
-        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, picking_ids):
+        for pick in pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, picking_ids, context=context):
             need_product_cost = (pick.type == 'in')
             for m in pick.move_lines:
                 if m.state in ('done', 'cancel'):
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_replacement.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_replacement.py
index 130f2469d45..17f4d5a62ab 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_replacement.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_replacement.py
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ class stock_replacement(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "stock.replacement"
     _description = "Stock Replacement"
 
-    def get_composant(self, cr, uid, ids, context = {}):
+    def get_composant(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         return {}
 
-    def replace_composant(self, cr, uid, ids, context = {}):
+    def replace_composant(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ To open a new wizard that acknowledge, a replacement task
         @return: It returns the replacement acknowledgement form
         """
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_return_picking.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_return_picking.py
index 78852202440..14f5bab76ee 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_return_picking.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_return_picking.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class stock_return_picking(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = 'stock.return.picking'
     _description = 'Return Picking'
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
         """
          To get default values for the object.
          @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -39,10 +39,12 @@ class stock_return_picking(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary
          @return: A dictionary with default values for all field in ``fields``
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_return_picking, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
-        pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_id)
+        pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)
         if pick:
             if 'invoice_state' in fields:
                 if pick.invoice_state=='invoiced':
@@ -64,11 +66,13 @@ class stock_return_picking(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary 
          @return: New arch of view with new columns.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_return_picking, self).view_init(cr, uid, fields_list, context=context)
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) 
         if record_id:
             pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
-            pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_id)
+            pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)
             if pick.state not in ['done','confirmed','assigned']:
                 raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning !'), _("You may only return pickings that are Confirmed, Available or Done!"))
             return_history = {}
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ class stock_return_picking(osv.osv_memory):
             res['arch'] = '\n'.join(arch_lst)
         return res
 
-    def create_returns(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def create_returns(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ 
          Creates return picking.
          @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -137,14 +141,16 @@ class stock_return_picking(osv.osv_memory):
          @param ids: List of ids selected 
          @param context: A standard dictionary 
          @return: A dictionary which of fields with values. 
-        """ 
+        """
+        if not context:
+            context = {} 
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         wf_service = netsvc.LocalService("workflow")
     
-        pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_id)
+        pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, record_id, context=context)
         data = self.read(cr, uid, ids[0])
         new_picking = None
         date_cur = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_split_move.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_split_move.py
index f3e72bfdc11..a54b8bfba17 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_split_move.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_split_move.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class stock_split_move_line(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = 'stock.move.line.split'
     _description = "Split Moves"
     
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
         """ To get default values for the object.
          @param self: The object pointer.
          @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ class stock_split_move_line(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary 
          @return: A dictionary which of fields with values. 
         """ 
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = super(stock_split_move_line, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context=context)
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ class stock_split_move_line(osv.osv_memory):
         res['arch'] = '\n'.join(arch_lst)
         return res
     
-    def split_lines(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def split_lines(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Splits moves in quantity given in the wizard.
          @param self: The object pointer.
          @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -99,6 +101,8 @@ class stock_split_move_line(osv.osv_memory):
          @param context: A standard dictionary 
          @return: A dictionary which of fields with values. 
         """ 
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         record_id = context and context.get('active_id', False) or False
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_splitinto.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_splitinto.py
index c514c9714eb..e2ce82110c5 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_splitinto.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_splitinto.py
@@ -34,12 +34,14 @@ class stock_split_into(osv.osv_memory):
     }
 
     def split(self, cr, uid, data, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         rec_id = context and context.get('active_ids', False)
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         track_obj = self.pool.get('stock.tracking')
 
-        quantity = self.browse(cr, uid, data[0], context).quantity or 0.0
-        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, rec_id):
+        quantity = self.browse(cr, uid, data[0], context=context).quantity or 0.0
+        for move in move_obj.browse(cr, uid, rec_id, context=context):
             quantity_rest = move.product_qty - quantity
             #if move.tracking_id :
             #    raise osv.except_osv(_('Error!'),  _('The current move line is already assigned to a pack, please remove it first if you really want to change it ' \
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_traceability.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_traceability.py
index 815f90810ed..99bc2676667 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_traceability.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_traceability.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class action_traceability(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "action.traceability"
     _description = "Action traceability "
      
-    def action_traceability(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def action_traceability(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ It traces the information of a product
         @param self: The object pointer.
         @param cr: A database cursor
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ class action_traceability(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary 
         @return: A dictionary of values
         """
-
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         type1 = context['type'] or 'move_history_ids2'
         field = context['field'] or 'tracking_id'
         obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
diff --git a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_ups.py b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_ups.py
index 2f2315027a6..9ba61d06977 100644
--- a/addons/stock/wizard/stock_ups.py
+++ b/addons/stock/wizard/stock_ups.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class stock_ups(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "stock.ups"
     _description = "Stock ups"
 
-    def ups_save(self, cr, uid, ids, context = {}):
+    def ups_save(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         return {
             'name': False,
             'view_type': 'form',
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class stock_ups(osv.osv_memory):
             'target':'new',
         }
 
-    def ups_upload(self, cr, uid, ids, context = {}):
+    def ups_upload(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         return {
             'name': False,
             'view_type': 'form',
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class stock_ups_final(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "stock.ups.final"
     _description = "Stock ups final"
 
-    def create_xmlfile(self, cr, uid, ids, context = {}):
+    def create_xmlfile(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Creates xml report file.
         @return: xml file
         """
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class stock_ups_upload(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "stock.ups.upload"
     _description = "Stock ups upload"
 
-    def upload_xmlfile(self, cr, uid, ids, context = {}):
+    def upload_xmlfile(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Uploads xml report file.
         @return: 
         """
diff --git a/addons/stock_invoice_directly/wizard/stock_invoice.py b/addons/stock_invoice_directly/wizard/stock_invoice.py
index 84a24ebb6fe..59a8512c5f3 100644
--- a/addons/stock_invoice_directly/wizard/stock_invoice.py
+++ b/addons/stock_invoice_directly/wizard/stock_invoice.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from osv import fields, osv
 class invoice_directly(osv.osv_memory):
     _inherit = 'stock.partial.picking'
 
-    def do_partial(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def do_partial(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """ Makes partial moves and pickings done and 
             launches Create invoice wizard if invoice state is To be Invoiced.
         @param self: The object pointer.
@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ class invoice_directly(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary
         @return:
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         result = super(invoice_directly, self).do_partial(cr, uid, ids, context)
         pick_obj = self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         picking_ids = context.get('active_ids', False)
-        pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, picking_ids, context)[0]
+        pick = pick_obj.browse(cr, uid, picking_ids, context=context)[0]
         if pick.invoice_state == '2binvoiced':
             return {
                 'name': 'Create Invoice',
diff --git a/addons/stock_location/procurement_pull.py b/addons/stock_location/procurement_pull.py
index 31316bf4eae..4d47ee21dfa 100644
--- a/addons/stock_location/procurement_pull.py
+++ b/addons/stock_location/procurement_pull.py
@@ -25,21 +25,27 @@ from tools.translate import _
 class procurement_order(osv.osv):
     _inherit = 'procurement.order'
     def check_buy(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
-        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for line in procurement.product_id.flow_pull_ids:
                 if line.location_id==procurement.location_id:
                     return line.type_proc=='buy'
         return super(procurement_order, self).check_buy(cr, uid, ids)
 
     def check_produce(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
-        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for line in procurement.product_id.flow_pull_ids:
                 if line.location_id==procurement.location_id:
                     return line.type_proc=='produce'
         return super(procurement_order, self).check_produce(cr, uid, ids)
 
     def check_move(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
-        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for procurement in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             for line in procurement.product_id.flow_pull_ids:
                 if line.location_id==procurement.location_id:
                     return (line.type_proc=='move') and (line.location_src_id)
@@ -50,6 +56,8 @@ class procurement_order(osv.osv):
         move_obj = self.pool.get('stock.move')
         picking_obj=self.pool.get('stock.picking')
         wf_service = netsvc.LocalService("workflow")
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for proc in proc_obj.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             line = None
             for line in proc.product_id.flow_pull_ids:
diff --git a/addons/stock_location/stock_location.py b/addons/stock_location/stock_location.py
index 1b308f0ec27..b937920fd70 100644
--- a/addons/stock_location/stock_location.py
+++ b/addons/stock_location/stock_location.py
@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ class stock_move(osv.osv):
     _columns = {
         'cancel_cascade': fields.boolean('Cancel Cascade', help='If checked, when this move is cancelled, cancel the linked move too')
     }
-    def action_cancel(self,cr,uid,ids,context={ }):
+    def action_cancel(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for m in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if m.cancel_cascade and m.move_dest_id:
                 self.action_cancel(cr, uid, [m.move_dest_id.id], context=context)
@@ -116,7 +118,9 @@ stock_move()
 
 class stock_location(osv.osv):
     _inherit = 'stock.location'
-    def chained_location_get(self, cr, uid, location, partner=None, product=None, context={}):
+    def chained_location_get(self, cr, uid, location, partner=None, product=None, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if product:
             for path in product.path_ids:
                 if path.location_from_id.id == location.id:
diff --git a/addons/stock_planning/stock_planning.py b/addons/stock_planning/stock_planning.py
index 546e83e0053..227add4cfb9 100644
--- a/addons/stock_planning/stock_planning.py
+++ b/addons/stock_planning/stock_planning.py
@@ -47,11 +47,15 @@ class stock_period(osv.osv):
         'state': 'draft'
     }
     
-    def button_open(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def button_open(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'open'})
         return True
     
-    def button_close(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def button_close(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'close'})
         return True
 
@@ -192,17 +196,21 @@ class stock_sale_forecast(osv.osv):
     def _to_default_uom_factor(self, cr, uid, product_id, uom_id, context=None):
         uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
-        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id, context=context)
         uom = uom_obj.browse(cr, uid, uom_id, context=context)
         coef = uom.factor
         if uom.category_id.id <> product.uom_id.category_id.id:
             coef = coef / product.uos_coeff
         return product.uom_id.factor / coef
 
-    def _from_default_uom_factor(self, cr, uid, product_id, uom_id, context):
+    def _from_default_uom_factor(self, cr, uid, product_id, uom_id, context=None):
         uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
-        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id, context=context)
         uom = uom_obj.browse(cr, uid, uom_id, context=context)
         res = uom.factor
         if uom.category_id.id <> product.uom_id.category_id.id:
@@ -346,8 +354,10 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
         res = self._to_planning_uom(cr, uid, val, planning_qtys, context)
         return res
 
-    def _to_planning_uom(self, cr, uid, val, qtys, context):
+    def _to_planning_uom(self, cr, uid, val, qtys, context=None):
         res_qty = 0
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if qtys:
             uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
             for qty, prod_uom in qtys:
@@ -360,7 +370,9 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
 
     def _get_forecast(self, cr, uid, ids, field_names, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
-        for val in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for val in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res[val.id] = {}
             valid_part = val.confirmed_forecasts_only and " AND state = 'validated'" or ""
             cr.execute('SELECT sum(product_qty), product_uom  \
@@ -382,6 +394,8 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
         return res
 
     def _get_stock_start(self, cr, uid, val, date, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         context['from_date'] = None
         context['to_date'] = date
         locations = [val.warehouse_id.lot_stock_id.id,]
@@ -393,8 +407,10 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
         res = product_obj['qty_available']     # value for stock_start
         return res
 
-    def _get_past_future(self, cr, uid, ids, field_names, arg, context):
+    def _get_past_future(self, cr, uid, ids, field_names, arg, context=None):
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for val in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             if val.period_id.date_stop < time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'):
                 res[val.id] = 'Past'
@@ -404,6 +420,8 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
 
     def _get_op(self, cr, uid, ids, field_names, arg, context=None):  # op = OrderPoint
         res = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for val in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             res[val.id]={}
             cr.execute("SELECT product_min_qty, product_max_qty, product_uom  \
@@ -519,7 +537,9 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
     def _to_default_uom_factor(self, cr, uid, product_id, uom_id, context=None):
         uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
-        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id, context=context)
         uom = uom_obj.browse(cr, uid, uom_id, context=context)
         coef = uom.factor
         if uom.category_id.id != product.uom_id.category_id.id:
@@ -530,7 +550,7 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
     def _from_default_uom_factor(self, cr, uid, product_id, uom_id, context=None):
         uom_obj = self.pool.get('product.uom')
         product_obj = self.pool.get('product.product')
-        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id)
+        product = product_obj.browse(cr, uid, product_id, context=context)
         uom = uom_obj.browse(cr, uid, uom_id, context=context)
         res = uom.factor
         if uom.category_id.id != product.uom_id.category_id.id:
@@ -592,9 +612,11 @@ class stock_planning(osv.osv):
 # so if UoM is from UoM category it is used as UoM in standard and if product has UoS the UoS will be calcualated.
 # If UoM is from UoS category it is recalculated to basic UoS from product (in planning you can use any UoS from UoS category)
 # and basic UoM is calculated.
-    def _qty_to_standard(self, cr, uid, val, context):
+    def _qty_to_standard(self, cr, uid, val, context=None):
         uos = False
         uos_qty = 0.0
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if val.product_uom.category_id.id == val.product_id.uom_id.category_id.id:
             uom_qty = val.incoming_left
             uom = val.product_uom.id
diff --git a/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_create_periods.py b/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_create_periods.py
index 12e0d56e755..e24382b2405 100644
--- a/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_create_periods.py
+++ b/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_create_periods.py
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ class stock_period_createlines(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "stock.period.createlines"
 
     def _get_new_period_start(self, cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         cr.execute("select max(date_stop) from stock_period")
         result = cr.fetchone()
         last_date = result and result[0] or False
@@ -53,6 +55,8 @@ class stock_period_createlines(osv.osv_memory):
     }
     
     def create_stock_periods(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         interval = context.get('interval',0)
         name = context.get('name','Daily')
         period_obj = self.pool.get('stock.period')
diff --git a/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_forecast.py b/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_forecast.py
index d38173a665d..c88794d4d42 100644
--- a/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_forecast.py
+++ b/addons/stock_planning/wizard/stock_planning_forecast.py
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ class stock_sale_forecast_createlines(osv.osv_memory):
         prod_categ_obj = self.pool.get('product.category')
         template_obj = self.pool.get('product.template')
         forecast_lines = []
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for f in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             categ_ids =  f.product_categ_id.id and [f.product_categ_id.id] or []
             prod_categ_ids = prod_categ_obj.search(cr, uid, [('parent_id','child_of', categ_ids)])
diff --git a/addons/subscription/subscription.py b/addons/subscription/subscription.py
index 358d1134362..6852cdbfe89 100644
--- a/addons/subscription/subscription.py
+++ b/addons/subscription/subscription.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ class subscription_document(osv.osv):
     }
     
     def write(self, cr, uid, ids, vals, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if 'model' in vals:
             raise osv.except_osv(_('Error !'),_('You cannot modify the Object linked to the Document Type!\nCreate another Document instead !'))
         return super(subscription_document, self).write(cr, uid, ids, vals, context=context)
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ class subscription_subscription(osv.osv):
         'state': lambda *a: 'draft'
     }
 
-    def set_process(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def set_process(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for row in self.read(cr, uid, ids):
             mapping = {'name':'name','interval_number':'interval_number','interval_type':'interval_type','exec_init':'numbercall','date_init':'nextcall'}
             res = {'model':'subscription.subscription', 'args': repr([[row['id']]]), 'function':'model_copy', 'priority':6, 'user_id':row['user_id'] and row['user_id'][0]}
@@ -101,7 +105,9 @@ class subscription_subscription(osv.osv):
             self.write(cr, uid, [row['id']], {'cron_id':id, 'state':'running'})
         return True
 
-    def model_copy(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def model_copy(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for row in self.read(cr, uid, ids):
             if not row.get('cron_id',False):
                 continue
@@ -136,14 +142,18 @@ class subscription_subscription(osv.osv):
             self.write(cr, uid, [row['id']], {'state':state})
         return True
 
-    def set_done(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def set_done(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         res = self.read(cr,uid, ids, ['cron_id'])
         ids2 = [x['cron_id'][0] for x in res if x['id']]
         self.pool.get('ir.cron').write(cr, uid, ids2, {'active':False})
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state':'done'})
         return True
 
-    def set_draft(self, cr, uid, ids, context={}):
+    def set_draft(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state':'draft'})
         return True
 subscription_subscription()
diff --git a/addons/survey/survey.py b/addons/survey/survey.py
index 5343ef3c229..08466d39a06 100644
--- a/addons/survey/survey.py
+++ b/addons/survey/survey.py
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ class survey(osv.osv):
     _description = 'Survey'
     _rec_name = 'title'
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context={}):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(survey, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context)
         return data
 
@@ -94,7 +96,9 @@ class survey(osv.osv):
         self.write(cr, uid, ids, {'state': 'cancel' })
         return True
 
-    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None,context={}):
+    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None,context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning !'),_('You cannot duplicate the resource!'))
 
     def action_print_survey(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
@@ -173,7 +177,9 @@ class survey_page(osv.osv):
         'sequence': lambda * a: 1
     }
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context={}):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(survey_page, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context)
         if context.get('line_order',False):
             if len(context['line_order'][-1]) > 2 and type(context['line_order'][-1][2]) == type({}) and context['line_order'][-1][2].has_key('sequence'):
@@ -182,7 +188,9 @@ class survey_page(osv.osv):
             data['survey_id'] = context['survey_id']
         return data
 
-    def survey_save(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def survey_save(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         search_obj = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         search_id = search_obj.search(cr,uid,[('model','=','survey.question.wiz'),('name','=','Survey Search')])
         surv_name_wiz = self.pool.get('survey.name.wiz')
@@ -197,7 +205,9 @@ class survey_page(osv.osv):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context={}):
+    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning !'),_('You cannot duplicate the resource!'))
 
 survey_page()
@@ -208,10 +218,12 @@ class survey_question(osv.osv):
     _rec_name = 'question'
     _order = 'sequence'
 
-    def _calc_response(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context):
+    def _calc_response(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
         if len(ids) == 0:
             return {}
         val = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         cr.execute("select question_id, count(id) as Total_response from \
                 survey_response_line where state='done' and question_id IN %s\
                  group by question_id" ,(tuple(ids),))
@@ -439,9 +451,11 @@ class survey_question(osv.osv):
 
         return super(survey_question, self).write(cr, uid, ids, vals, context=context)
 
-    def create(self, cr, uid, vals, context):
+    def create(self, cr, uid, vals, context=None):
         minimum_ans = 0
         maximum_ans = 0
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if vals.has_key('answer_choice_ids') and  not len(vals['answer_choice_ids']):
             if vals.has_key('type') and vals['type'] not in ['descriptive_text', 'single_textbox', 'comment','table']:
                 raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning !'),_("You must enter one or more answer."))
@@ -475,7 +489,9 @@ class survey_question(osv.osv):
         res = super(survey_question, self).create(cr, uid, vals, context)
         return res
 
-    def survey_save(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def survey_save(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         search_obj = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         search_id = search_obj.search(cr,uid,[('model','=','survey.question.wiz'),('name','=','Survey Search')])
         surv_name_wiz = self.pool.get('survey.name.wiz')
@@ -490,7 +506,9 @@ class survey_question(osv.osv):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context={}):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(survey_question, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context)
         if context.get('line_order',False):
             if len(context['line_order'][-1]) > 2 and type(context['line_order'][-1][2]) == type({}) and context['line_order'][-1][2].has_key('sequence'):
@@ -508,11 +526,15 @@ class survey_question_column_heading(osv.osv):
     _description = 'Survey Question Column Heading'
     _rec_name = 'title'
 
-    def _get_in_visible_rating_weight(self,cr, uid, context={}):
+    def _get_in_visible_rating_weight(self,cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if context.get('in_visible_rating_weight', False):
             return context['in_visible_rating_weight']
         return False
-    def _get_in_visible_menu_choice(self,cr, uid, context={}):
+    def _get_in_visible_menu_choice(self,cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if context.get('in_visible_menu_choice', False):
             return context['in_visible_menu_choice']
         return False
@@ -537,9 +559,11 @@ class survey_answer(osv.osv):
     _rec_name = 'answer'
     _order = 'sequence'
 
-    def _calc_response_avg(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context):
+    def _calc_response_avg(self, cr, uid, ids, field_name, arg, context=None):
         val = {}
-        for rec in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        for rec in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             cr.execute("select count(question_id) ,(select count(answer_id) \
                 from survey_response_answer sra, survey_response_line sa \
                 where sra.response_id = sa.id and sra.answer_id = %d \
@@ -557,7 +581,9 @@ class survey_answer(osv.osv):
             }
         return val
 
-    def _get_in_visible_answer_type(self,cr, uid, context={}):
+    def _get_in_visible_answer_type(self,cr, uid, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return context.get('in_visible_answer_type', False)
 
     _columns = {
@@ -578,7 +604,9 @@ class survey_answer(osv.osv):
          'in_visible_answer_type':_get_in_visible_answer_type,
     }
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context={}):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(survey_answer, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context)
         if context.get('line_order', False):
             if len(context['line_order'][-1]) > 2 and type(context['line_order'][-1][2]) == type({}) and context['line_order'][-1][2].has_key('sequence'):
@@ -615,7 +643,9 @@ class survey_response(osv.osv):
             res.append((record['id'], name))
         return res
 
-    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None,context={}):
+    def copy(self, cr, uid, id, default=None,context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         raise osv.except_osv(_('Warning !'),_('You cannot duplicate the resource!'))
 
 survey_response()
@@ -714,9 +744,11 @@ class survey_request(osv.osv):
         return True
 
     def on_change_user(self, cr, uid, ids, user_id, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         if user_id:
             user_obj = self.pool.get('res.users')
-            user = user_obj.browse(cr, uid, user_id)
+            user = user_obj.browse(cr, uid, user_id, context=context)
             return {'value': {'email': user.address_id.email}}
         return {}
 
diff --git a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_answer.py b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_answer.py
index b8a878a506a..f1bccdd0225 100644
--- a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_answer.py
+++ b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_answer.py
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
                     'response': 0
                 }
                 wiz_id = surv_name_wiz.create(cr, uid, res_data)
-                sur_name_rec = surv_name_wiz.browse(cr, uid, wiz_id)
+                sur_name_rec = surv_name_wiz.browse(cr, uid, wiz_id, context=context)
                 context.update({'sur_name_id' :wiz_id})
             else:
-                sur_name_rec = surv_name_wiz.browse(cr, uid, context['sur_name_id'])
+                sur_name_rec = surv_name_wiz.browse(cr, uid, context['sur_name_id'], context=context)
 
             if context.has_key('active_id'):
                 context.pop('active_id')
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
                     return super(survey_question_wiz, self).\
                                 fields_view_get(cr, uid, view_id=view_id, view_type=view_type, context=context,
                                         toolbar=toolbar, submenu=submenu)
-            sur_rec = survey_obj.browse(cr, uid, survey_id)
+            sur_rec = survey_obj.browse(cr, uid, survey_id, context=context)
             p_id = map(lambda x:x.id, sur_rec.page_ids)
             total_pages = len(p_id)
             pre_button = False
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
             if not sur_name_rec.page_no + 1 :
                 surv_name_wiz.write(cr, uid, [context['sur_name_id'],], {'store_ans':{}})
 
-            sur_name_read = surv_name_wiz.browse(cr, uid, context['sur_name_id'])
+            sur_name_read = surv_name_wiz.browse(cr, uid, context['sur_name_id'], context=context)
             page_number = int(sur_name_rec.page_no)
             if sur_name_read.transfer or not sur_name_rec.page_no + 1:
                 surv_name_wiz.write(cr, uid, [context['sur_name_id']], {'transfer':False})
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
                     if sur_name_rec.page_no > 1:
                         pre_button = True
                 if flag:
-                    pag_rec = page_obj.browse(cr, uid, p_id)
+                    pag_rec = page_obj.browse(cr, uid, p_id, context=context)
                     xml_form = etree.Element('form', {'string': tools.ustr(pag_rec.title)})
                     xml_group = etree.SubElement(xml_form, 'group', {'col': '1', 'colspan': '4'})
                     if context.has_key('response_id') and context.get('response_id', False) \
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
 
                     for que in que_ids:
                         qu_no += 1
-                        que_rec = que_obj.browse(cr, uid, que.id)
+                        que_rec = que_obj.browse(cr, uid, que.id, context=context)
                         descriptive_text = ""
                         separator_string = tools.ustr(qu_no) + "." + tools.ustr(que_rec.question)
                         if ((context.has_key('active') and not context.get('active',False)) or not context.has_key('active')) and que_rec.is_require_answer:
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
                             cr.execute("select email from res_partner_address where id =%s", (resp_id.id,))
                             resp_email = cr.fetchone()[0]
                         if user_email and resp_email:
-                            user_name = user_obj.browse(cr, uid, uid).name
+                            user_name = user_obj.browse(cr, uid, uid, context=context).name
                             mail = "Hello " + survey_data.responsible_id.name + ",\n\n " + str(user_name) + " Give Response Of " + survey_data.title + " Survey.\n\n Thanks,"
                             tools.email_send(user_email, [resp_email], "Survey Answer Of " + str(user_name) , mail, attach = attachments)
 
@@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @return : Dictionary value for fields list with value.
         """
         value = {}
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for field in fields_list:
             if field.split('_')[0] == 'progress':
                 tot_page_id = self.pool.get('survey').browse(cr, uid, context.get('survey_id',False))
@@ -1006,7 +1008,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
 
         return True
 
-    def action_new_question(self,cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_new_question(self,cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         New survey.Question form.
 
@@ -1017,6 +1019,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open new survey.Qestion form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for key,val in context.items():
             if type(key) == type(True):
                 context.pop(key)
@@ -1032,7 +1036,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def action_new_page(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_new_page(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         New survey.Page form.
 
@@ -1043,6 +1047,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open new survey.page form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for key,val in context.items():
             if type(key) == type(True):
                 context.pop(key)
@@ -1058,7 +1064,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def action_edit_page(self,cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_edit_page(self,cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         Edit survey.page.
 
@@ -1069,6 +1075,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open Edit survey.page form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for key,val in context.items():
             if type(key) == type(True):
                 context.pop(key)
@@ -1085,7 +1093,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def action_delete_page(self,cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_delete_page(self,cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         Delete survey.page.
 
@@ -1096,6 +1104,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open next survey.page form, but delete the selected page.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for key,val in context.items():
             if type(key) == type(True):
                 context.pop(key)
@@ -1116,7 +1126,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def action_edit_question(self,cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_edit_question(self,cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         Edit survey.question.
 
@@ -1127,6 +1137,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open Edit survey.question form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for key,val in context.items():
             if type(key) == type(True):
                 context.pop(key)
@@ -1143,7 +1155,7 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
             'context': context
         }
 
-    def action_delete_question(self,cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def action_delete_question(self,cr, uid, ids, context=None):
         """
         Delete survey.question.
 
@@ -1154,6 +1166,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open same survey.page form, but delete the selected survey.question in current survey.page.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         for key,val in context.items():
             if type(key) == type(True):
                 context.pop(key)
@@ -1186,6 +1200,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open Previous Answer form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         search_obj = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         surv_name_wiz = self.pool.get('survey.name.wiz')
         search_id = search_obj.search(cr,uid,[('model','=','survey.question.wiz'),\
@@ -1216,6 +1232,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open Next Answer form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         search_obj = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         surv_name_wiz = self.pool.get('survey.name.wiz')
         search_id = search_obj.search(cr,uid,[('model','=','survey.question.wiz'),\
@@ -1246,6 +1264,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open Next survey.page form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         surv_name_wiz = self.pool.get('survey.name.wiz')
         search_obj = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         search_id = search_obj.search(cr,uid,[('model','=','survey.question.wiz'),('name','=','Survey Search')])
@@ -1271,6 +1291,8 @@ class survey_question_wiz(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for Open Previous survey.page form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         surv_name_wiz = self.pool.get('survey.name.wiz')
         search_obj = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         search_id = search_obj.search(cr,uid,[('model','=','survey.question.wiz'),\
diff --git a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print.py b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print.py
index 095caeccc5a..325c1ac3598 100644
--- a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print.py
+++ b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print.py
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ class survey_print(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for print survey form.
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
 
         datas = {'ids' : self.read(cr, uid, ids, [], context)[0]['survey_ids']}
         res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['survey_title', 'orientation', 'paper_size',\
diff --git a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_answer.py b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_answer.py
index f041e2f2ada..8e3ae95bdca 100644
--- a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_answer.py
+++ b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_answer.py
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ class survey_print_answer(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return : Dictionary value for created survey answer report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['response_ids', 'orientation', 'paper_size',\
                              'page_number', 'without_pagebreak'], context)
diff --git a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_statistics.py b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_statistics.py
index 2b79e96d42a..4ffe13dd25d 100644
--- a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_statistics.py
+++ b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_print_statistics.py
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ class survey_print_statistics(osv.osv_memory):
         @param context: A standard dictionary for contextual values
         @return: Dictionary value for created survey statistics report
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         datas = {'ids': context.get('active_ids', [])}
         res = self.read(cr, uid, ids, ['survey_ids'], context)
         res = res and res[0] or {}
diff --git a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_send_invitation.py b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_send_invitation.py
index 62be63dc755..9702b4d2de9 100644
--- a/addons/survey/wizard/survey_send_invitation.py
+++ b/addons/survey/wizard/survey_send_invitation.py
@@ -60,11 +60,13 @@ class survey_send_invitation(osv.osv_memory):
         return ''.join([choice(chars) for i in range(6)])
 
     def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields_list, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(survey_send_invitation, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields_list, context)
         survey_obj = self.pool.get('survey')
         msg = ""
         name = ""
-        for sur in survey_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', [])):
+        for sur in survey_obj.browse(cr, uid, context.get('active_ids', []), context=context):
             name += "\t --> " + sur.title + "\n"
             if sur.state != 'open':
                 msg +=  sur.title + "\n"
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ class survey_send_invitation(osv.osv_memory):
 
 
     def action_send(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         record = self.read(cr, uid, ids, [])
         survey_ids =  context.get('active_ids', [])
         record = record and record[0]
@@ -220,6 +224,8 @@ class survey_send_invitation_log(osv.osv_memory):
     }
 
     def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields_list, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(survey_send_invitation_log, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields_list, context)
         data['note'] = context.get('note', '')
         return data
diff --git a/addons/thunderbird/installer.py b/addons/thunderbird/installer.py
index 62664fedccb..08298e9e52f 100644
--- a/addons/thunderbird/installer.py
+++ b/addons/thunderbird/installer.py
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ class thunderbird_installer(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = 'thunderbird.installer'
     _inherit = 'res.config.installer'
 
-    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context={}):
+    def default_get(self, cr, uid, fields, context=None):
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = super(thunderbird_installer, self).default_get(cr, uid, fields, context)
         data['pdf_file'] = 'http://doc.openerp.com/book/2/2_6_Comms/2_6_Comms_thunderbird.html'
         file = open(addons.get_module_resource('thunderbird','plugin', 'openerp_plugin.xpi'),'rb')
diff --git a/addons/wiki/wiki.py b/addons/wiki/wiki.py
index 2d814485a7c..f6a2f71fd4c 100644
--- a/addons/wiki/wiki.py
+++ b/addons/wiki/wiki.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class wiki_group(osv.osv):
         'method': lambda *a: 'page',
     }
 
-    def open_wiki_page(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def open_wiki_page(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
 
         """ Opens Wiki Page of Group
         @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class wiki_wiki2(osv.osv):
         'minor_edit': lambda *a: True,
     }
 
-    def onchange_group_id(self, cr, uid, ids, group_id, content, context={}):
+    def onchange_group_id(self, cr, uid, ids, group_id, content, context=None):
 
         """ @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
             @param uid: the current user’s ID for security checks,
@@ -140,7 +140,9 @@ class wiki_wiki2(osv.osv):
 
         if (not group_id) or content:
             return {}
-        grp = self.pool.get('wiki.groups').browse(cr, uid, group_id)
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
+        grp = self.pool.get('wiki.groups').browse(cr, uid, group_id, context=context)
         section = '0'
         for page in grp.page_ids:
             if page.section: section = page.section
@@ -164,6 +166,8 @@ class wiki_wiki2(osv.osv):
             @param uid: the current user’s ID for security checks,
             @param id: Give wiki page's ID """
 
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         return super(wiki_wiki2, self).copy_data(cr, uid, id, {'wiki_id': False}, context)
 
     def create_history(self, cr, uid, ids, vals, context=None):
diff --git a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_create_menu.py b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_create_menu.py
index 7cee4f88e96..fdb952bb52e 100644
--- a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_create_menu.py
+++ b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_create_menu.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class wiki_create_menu(osv.osv_memory):
         'menu_parent_id': fields.many2one('ir.ui.menu', 'Parent Menu', required=True),
     }
 
-    def wiki_menu_create(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def wiki_menu_create(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
 
         """ Create Menu On the base of Group id and Action id
         @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class wiki_create_menu(osv.osv_memory):
         @param ids: List of create menu’s IDs
 
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         obj_wiki_group = self.pool.get('wiki.groups')
         obj_view = self.pool.get('ir.ui.view')
         obj_menu = self.pool.get('ir.ui.menu')
diff --git a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_make_index.py b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_make_index.py
index 98cc001fe8c..83324166dbd 100644
--- a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_make_index.py
+++ b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_make_index.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class wiki_make_index(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "wiki.make.index"
     _description = "Create Index"
 
-    def wiki_do_index(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def wiki_do_index(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
 
         """ Makes Index according to page hierarchy
         @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ class wiki_make_index(osv.osv_memory):
         @param ids: list of wiki index’s IDs
 
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         data = context and context.get('active_ids', []) or []
 
-        for index_obj in self.browse(cr, uid, ids):
+        for index_obj in self.browse(cr, uid, ids, context=context):
             wiki_pool = self.pool.get('wiki.wiki')
             cr.execute("Select id, section from wiki_wiki where id IN %s \
                             order by section ", (tuple(data),))
diff --git a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_show_diff.py b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_show_diff.py
index 43f3f698611..f807a5c733c 100644
--- a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_show_diff.py
+++ b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_show_diff.py
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ class showdiff(osv.osv_memory):
         """ @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
         @param uid: the current user’s ID for security checks,
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         history = self.pool.get('wiki.wiki.history')
         ids = context.get('active_ids', [])
 
diff --git a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_wiki_page_open.py b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_wiki_page_open.py
index 4eafe45cd35..ce71a116bd9 100644
--- a/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_wiki_page_open.py
+++ b/addons/wiki/wizard/wiki_wiki_page_open.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class wiki_wiki_page_open(osv.osv_memory):
     _name = "wiki.wiki.page.open"
     _description = "wiz open page"
 
-    def open_wiki_page(self, cr, uid, ids, context):
+    def open_wiki_page(self, cr, uid, ids, context=None):
 
         """ Opens Wiki Page of Group
         @param cr: the current row, from the database cursor,
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ class wiki_wiki_page_open(osv.osv_memory):
         @param ids: List of open wiki page’s IDs
         @return: dictionay of open wiki window on give group id
         """
+        if not context:
+            context = {}
         group_ids = context.get('active_ids', [])
-        for group in self.pool.get('wiki.groups').browse(cr, uid, group_ids):
+        for group in self.pool.get('wiki.groups').browse(cr, uid, group_ids, context=context):
             value = {
                 'domain': "[('group_id','=',%d)]" % (group.id),
                 'name': 'Wiki Page',